RASMUSSEN PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
Which of the following would be a sign of right-sided Heart Failure?
- Increased Urination
- Peripheral Edema
- Pulmonary Edema
- Immunosuppression - Answer-Peripheral Edema
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (Select all
that apply)
- Jugular Vein Distention
- Cough with Frothy Sputum
- Crackles Auscultated in Lungs
- Dyspnea - Answer-- Cough with Frothy Sputum
- Crackles auscultated in lungs
- Dyspnea
Which medications would be used to treat a patient with heart failure?
- Antibiotics and Steroids
- Vitamin D and Calcium
- Calcium Channel Blockers and Zafron
- ACE Inhibitors and Beta-Blockers - Answer-ACE inhibitors and Beta-Blockers
Which of the following is often the cause of pulmonary embolism?
- An autoimmune disorder
- A venous blood clot from lower extremity
- An increase in intracranial pressure
- Hypotension - Answer-- A venous blood clot from lower extremity
Virchow's Triad contributes to pulmonary embolism formation. Virchow's Triad factors
include all of the following except:
- Venous Blood Stasis
- Damage to the venous wall
- Venous blood hypermobility
- Increased blood coagulability - Answer-Venous blood hypermobility
How does unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina pectoris?
- Can only be diagnosed by changes in cardiac biomarkers
- manifests in ECG changes only
- Is not relieved by periods of rest
- Not as serious as stable angina - Answer-Not relieved by periods of rest
,Which of the following organs are primarily affected by poorly managed hypertension?
- Bladder and Urethra
- Brain and Skin
- Heart and Kidneys
- Stomach and Intestines - Answer-Heart and Kidneys
Management of hypertension involves multiple approaches including which of the
following?
- Dietary Modifications
- Engaging in regular exercise routines
- Prescribing diuretics and/or anti-hypertensives
- All of the above - Answer-All of the above
When arterial blood pressure declines, the cells of the kidneys secrete a hormone called
___ to increase blood pressure and peripheral resistance.
- Renin
- Antidiuretic Hormone
- Atrial Natriuretic
- Erythropoietin - Answer-Renin
Which of the following are examples of complications of shock? (Select all that apply)
- Multiple Organ Dysfunction
- Acute Renal Failure
- Clotting and Bleeding Disorders
- Increased Cardiac Output - Answer-- Multiple Organ Dysfunction
- Acute renal failure
- Clotting and Bleeding disorders
What pathophysiological responses would you expect to find in a client who has
anaphylactic shock?
- Bronchodilation, Peripheral constriction, Decreased capillary permeability
- Asthma, Deep vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy
- Bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
- Left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, UTI - Answer-Bronchoconstriction,
Peripheral Dilation, Increased Capillary Permeability
What is the cause of Cardiogenic Shock?
- Severe Ventricular Dysfunction
- Acute Blood Loss
- Severe Atrial Dysfunction
- Suppression of the Sympathetic Nervous System - Answer-Severe ventricular
dysfunction
What is occurring in the body of clients with hypovolemic shock?
- Inadequate stomach acid
, - Insufficient circulating blood volume
- Insect bite or snake bites
- Not taking enough diuretics - Answer-Insufficient circulating blood volume
Obstructive shock is due to a mechanical obstruction impeding blood flow. Cause of
obstructive shock include all of the following except?
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Tension Pneumothorax - Answer-Spinal Cord Injury
Presentation of shock includes all of the following clinical findings except:
- Altered level of consciousness
- Hypotension
- Mental Clarity
- Tachycardia - Answer-Mental Clarity
Septic shock is a common cause of death in the ICU. What causes sepsis?
- An overwhelming allergic reaction
- Severe inflammatory response to pathogens
- Unknown causes resulting in Hypertension
- Poor nursing and health care provider interventions - Answer-Severe inflammatory
response to a pathogen
Which of the following is a type of septic shock?
- Cardiogenic Shock
- Distributive Shock
- Obstructive Shock
- Hypovolemic Shock - Answer-Distributive Shock
A disease where the client often has shortened (genetic mutation) dystrophin strand
resulting in small tears in the muscles as they are used resulted in muscle degeneration
is called what?
- Gower's Disease
- Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Fibromyalgia - Answer-Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Homeostasis - Answer-The maintenance of a constant, internal state.
Allostasis - Answer-The process where the body response to stressors in or to maintain
homeostasis
Allostatic Overload - Answer-When chronic exposure exceeds the body's ability to cope
Hypokalemia is - Answer-Potassium less than 3.5 mEq/L
FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
Which of the following would be a sign of right-sided Heart Failure?
- Increased Urination
- Peripheral Edema
- Pulmonary Edema
- Immunosuppression - Answer-Peripheral Edema
Which of the following are clinical manifestations of left-sided heart failure? (Select all
that apply)
- Jugular Vein Distention
- Cough with Frothy Sputum
- Crackles Auscultated in Lungs
- Dyspnea - Answer-- Cough with Frothy Sputum
- Crackles auscultated in lungs
- Dyspnea
Which medications would be used to treat a patient with heart failure?
- Antibiotics and Steroids
- Vitamin D and Calcium
- Calcium Channel Blockers and Zafron
- ACE Inhibitors and Beta-Blockers - Answer-ACE inhibitors and Beta-Blockers
Which of the following is often the cause of pulmonary embolism?
- An autoimmune disorder
- A venous blood clot from lower extremity
- An increase in intracranial pressure
- Hypotension - Answer-- A venous blood clot from lower extremity
Virchow's Triad contributes to pulmonary embolism formation. Virchow's Triad factors
include all of the following except:
- Venous Blood Stasis
- Damage to the venous wall
- Venous blood hypermobility
- Increased blood coagulability - Answer-Venous blood hypermobility
How does unstable angina pectoris differ from stable angina pectoris?
- Can only be diagnosed by changes in cardiac biomarkers
- manifests in ECG changes only
- Is not relieved by periods of rest
- Not as serious as stable angina - Answer-Not relieved by periods of rest
,Which of the following organs are primarily affected by poorly managed hypertension?
- Bladder and Urethra
- Brain and Skin
- Heart and Kidneys
- Stomach and Intestines - Answer-Heart and Kidneys
Management of hypertension involves multiple approaches including which of the
following?
- Dietary Modifications
- Engaging in regular exercise routines
- Prescribing diuretics and/or anti-hypertensives
- All of the above - Answer-All of the above
When arterial blood pressure declines, the cells of the kidneys secrete a hormone called
___ to increase blood pressure and peripheral resistance.
- Renin
- Antidiuretic Hormone
- Atrial Natriuretic
- Erythropoietin - Answer-Renin
Which of the following are examples of complications of shock? (Select all that apply)
- Multiple Organ Dysfunction
- Acute Renal Failure
- Clotting and Bleeding Disorders
- Increased Cardiac Output - Answer-- Multiple Organ Dysfunction
- Acute renal failure
- Clotting and Bleeding disorders
What pathophysiological responses would you expect to find in a client who has
anaphylactic shock?
- Bronchodilation, Peripheral constriction, Decreased capillary permeability
- Asthma, Deep vein thrombosis, hepatic encephalopathy
- Bronchoconstriction, peripheral dilation, increased capillary permeability
- Left-sided heart failure, pulmonary embolism, UTI - Answer-Bronchoconstriction,
Peripheral Dilation, Increased Capillary Permeability
What is the cause of Cardiogenic Shock?
- Severe Ventricular Dysfunction
- Acute Blood Loss
- Severe Atrial Dysfunction
- Suppression of the Sympathetic Nervous System - Answer-Severe ventricular
dysfunction
What is occurring in the body of clients with hypovolemic shock?
- Inadequate stomach acid
, - Insufficient circulating blood volume
- Insect bite or snake bites
- Not taking enough diuretics - Answer-Insufficient circulating blood volume
Obstructive shock is due to a mechanical obstruction impeding blood flow. Cause of
obstructive shock include all of the following except?
- Spinal Cord Injury
- Pulmonary Embolism
- Cardiac Tamponade
- Tension Pneumothorax - Answer-Spinal Cord Injury
Presentation of shock includes all of the following clinical findings except:
- Altered level of consciousness
- Hypotension
- Mental Clarity
- Tachycardia - Answer-Mental Clarity
Septic shock is a common cause of death in the ICU. What causes sepsis?
- An overwhelming allergic reaction
- Severe inflammatory response to pathogens
- Unknown causes resulting in Hypertension
- Poor nursing and health care provider interventions - Answer-Severe inflammatory
response to a pathogen
Which of the following is a type of septic shock?
- Cardiogenic Shock
- Distributive Shock
- Obstructive Shock
- Hypovolemic Shock - Answer-Distributive Shock
A disease where the client often has shortened (genetic mutation) dystrophin strand
resulting in small tears in the muscles as they are used resulted in muscle degeneration
is called what?
- Gower's Disease
- Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy
- Multiple Sclerosis
- Fibromyalgia - Answer-Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Homeostasis - Answer-The maintenance of a constant, internal state.
Allostasis - Answer-The process where the body response to stressors in or to maintain
homeostasis
Allostatic Overload - Answer-When chronic exposure exceeds the body's ability to cope
Hypokalemia is - Answer-Potassium less than 3.5 mEq/L
