HSC 380 Midterm Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions)

HSC 380 Midterm Exam | Questions and Answers (Complete Solutions) Gender is as simple as being male or female: - false, it is a complex topic, one that providers need to have an understanding of it and the diverse ways people express and classify or lack of classifying their sexuality and biological sex. - true, you are either one or the other We are a market based health care system with social fixes. Some of the social fixes are: - medicare, medicaid, health insurance, tricare and IHS - medicaid, social security, tricare and thermacare - medicare, medicaid, Social Security, Tricare, and IHS - all of things listed above According to our text book a group of people who have a common ancestry that distinguishes them from others by physical characteristics - culture - race - ethnicity - family There are two major sources of unresolved grief for Native Americans: massive trauma that has endured from generation to generation and (pick the BEST answer) - the systematic destruction of traditional rituals of grief. - the lack of education about Native American history. - intense anger at the dominant culture. - physical isolation from the rest of society. A system in which public policies, institutional practices, cultural representations, and other norms work in various, often reinforcing ways to perpetuate racial group inequity. This identifies dimensions of our history and culture that have allowed privileges associated with "whiteness" and disadvantages associated with "color" to endure and adapt over time. This exists as a feature of the social, economic and political systems in which we all exist. - Environmental Racism - Institutional Racism - Systemic Racism - Political Racism Representing the position that there are no moral absolutes, no moral right or wrong. This position would assert that our morals evolve and change with social norms over a period of time. This philosophy allows people to mutate ethically as the culture, knowledge, and technology change in society. Slavery is a good example of (For hundreds of years America felt slavery was morally execrable, where now we know that it violates a persons human rights.) - Diversity - Ethical Relativism - Culture - Human Rights Within the delivery of health care a provider that understands and attend to the total context of the patients situation (within knowledge, skills and attitudes) as well as including the patent in the care plan is (give the BEST answer) is practicing - patient care plan - patient centered care - health literacy and culture care - cultural competency and patience centered care If a person every time they get on an airplane, they look to see if the pilot is a white male. If it is not, they feel uneasy flying. Yet this person has many friends that come from a variety of cultures and religions. This can be one example of a(n) - unconscious bias - racist - systemic grouping - fascist Teaching/knowing the history of culture/race/demographic of people is not important when it comes to a caring for that population. It does not help with health outcomes. - True - False Unequal outcomes exist across various subgroups in America. What do we not want to do? - Make quick reactions based on the first death from an disparity - Within surveying the prevalence rates, we need to look at small samples and larger sample areas to get a true picture of the issue, not just a small sample side in the area - Survey the past data, and start collecting new data on the condition and prevalence rates - look at both secondary and primary data on the situation This type of racism refers to the institutional rules, regulations, policies or government and/or corporate decisions that deliberately target certain communities for locally undesirable land uses and lax enforcement of zoning and environmental laws, resulting in communities being disproportionately exposed to toxic and hazardous waste based upon race. It is a well-documented that communities of color and low-income communities are disproportionately impacted by polluting industries (and very specifically, hazardous waste facilities) and lax regulation of these industries. - Systemic Racism - Institutional Racism - Cultural Racism - Environmental Racism Community psychology is best described as: - counseling sessions which occur within the community system of schools, churches, and other social organizations. - interventions that are focused on adapting to the needs of the family and community. - interventions that are initiated by members of the community by the community - interventions that address issues at all levels of the community system. Bicultural couples tend to demonstrate extremes in - healthy functioning. - acceptance of bicultural relationships and marriage. - interdependence. - conflicts of cultural codes. Biracial children face not only prejudices but also - racism - may need help in sorting out issues of self-definition - are probably aware of race and ethnicity earlier than mono-ethnic children - have the task of integrating two cultural identities, - All of the above - none of the above, they just have to navigate racism and prejudices like their minority parents do Several behaviors cause an increase in racial identity issues in adolescence. Which is NOT one of them? -Changes in school grouping -Rejection of characteristics perceived as White -Broader social participation in the social environment -Dynamics related to dating According to Obgu, the Immigrant group, such as Koreans and Chinese (choose the one that does not apply) - Is sometimes seen negatively though the majority culture - perform well on tests and in school - Has poor views of themselves - choose to come to the United States Voluntarily to improve their lives - Were brought here for lower labor jobs According to Obgu the Caste-Like Minorities (African-American, Latinos and Native Americans) have - experienced the least amount of systematic racism of all the groups Obgu talks about. - is not faced with discrimination due to skin color as much as the Immigrant populations (according to Obgu) - score well on average in testing and overall in academics - Disproportional amounts of school failure Brown Vs. Board of Education was a huge victory for the Civil Rights Movement. (although many schools did not immediately follow it) - True - False From birth on, there are differences in how cultural groups care for their adolescences, and overall how the adolescences behave in social situations. - True - False Microaggression: - the perpetrator does not believe he or she is being racist. - the victim is unable to defend themselves against it. - it can be invisible to both the victim and the perpetrator. - victims become overly sensitive to small comments and actions. Ethnic identity is best defined as - strong understanding of one's ethnic history and group characteristics. - the part of personal identity that defines one's self image as an ethnic group member. - the existence of a stable inner sense of self. - the successful integration of cultural experiences into one's personal identity. Which of the following terms is defined as taking on the cultural ways of the dominant culture? - Acculturation - Identificational assimilation - Structural assimilation - Marital assimilation Which of the following describes issues of acculturative stress? - When serious emotional strain happens and traditional cultural ways are compromised or lost as a result of immigration and acculturation - stress from leaving ones home country - Is only really relative in the Asian cultures - it is similar to regular stress we all feel on a daily basis The most common consequence of acculturation for immigrant families is - the breakdown of traditional family roles and norms. - the loss of traditional language. - an increase in mental health diagnoses. - isolation from the ethnic community. Myer defines stress as - the mechanism through which social factors are translated into physical and emotional issues. - a defining factor in increased disease among communities of color. - the internal characteristic that triggers physical and emotional issues. - the factor that impacts individual coping mechanisms. Which symptom group associated with trauma involves the internal biology of self-preservation, which goes on permanent alert? - Intrusion - Disconnection - Constriction and numbing - Hyperarousal In models of healing and restorative justice, forgiveness means - reconciling with the other. - suppressing feelings of hurt or anger. - disconnecting from destructive reactions to promote healing. - condoning past actions. Which of the following would not represent consequences of institutional racism? - Disparities in infant mortality and life expectancy between Whites and People of Color - Underrepresentation of minorities in professional level occupations - Higher than average education levels among Asian American populations - High rates of African Americans in the U.S. prison system Alcohol and drugs abuse is - a safe way people can get over social anxiety - a way in which a person self medicates or is used as a tool to numb inner pain - not impacted by racism - does not usually have a deeper issue besides addiction As we have an increase in ethnic groups/immigration in the US, the demographics, religions, health, politics, equality and peoples actions have change dramatically - true - false - depending on ones political, social and moral view on people different than themselves this can be a true or false question When doing research on a topic, if you find one good peer reviewed article, you can use their data, no need to look for other sources. - True - False If there is a situation where several groups of the non dominant society people, who might have otherwise been excluded, are included and made to feel welcome, this is an example of: - human rights - diversity - inclusivity - human kindness A person can be racist inside, but if they treat their patients with respect, practice patient center care and do not let differences with their morals and values of that person/and or persons culture group show, one is practicing cultural humility. - True - False Microaggressions are defined as - explicit negative actions intended toward a racial minority very intentionally. - commonplace verbal and behavioral actions which communicate negative racial attitudes. (can be slight or even unconscious biases, but are vocalized on a small scale) - the use of processes within an institution which inadvertently disadvantage minority groups. - implicit biases. Patients must feel comfortable, health care needs to be customized and delivered in a way that is responsive to the needs of the individual patient. This is called - access to health care - patient/person centered care - health disparity - patient care plan Slavery in the United States - in response to gender issues - was always in favor by all parties involved to help the economy - was based on Christian values (passages used from the bible) - was seen as human rights violations from the start Which term refers to communication that exclude, negate, or nullify psychological thoughts, feelings, or experiential reality of people of color? - Macroaggression - Microinsult - Microassault - Microvalidation The field of "health disparities" emerged due to differential health outcomes that are directly related to historic and current behaviors of individuals and social systems True False The largest number of Americans receive their health benefits from - Private Insurance - are uninsured - Self-Pay (fee for service) - Universal Health Care Insurance - Public Insurance Diversity is differences that are embraced by all - true - occasionally - false - true most the time The purpose of learning about white privilege is to make people feel bad about having white privilege if they do. True False The key factor in the risk for preterm birth is low income True False Which of the following statements about racism is FALSE? People tend to rationalize their feelings about race and ethnicity. (though their own lends of the situation) - Racism is at all levels of society. - Prejudice is the same as racism. - Whites have more power to enact their prejudices than non-Whites. When doing research, such as needed for a course like this, it is a good mix to use government web cites, peer reviewed articles and the census for racial statistical data and demographics. True False You need to change your own personal values to be able to work within health care if you are a bias or racist person. True False If everybody in a community had access to the same schools, health care and services according to their needs, we would say the community: - is equal - achieved equity - achieved fairness - has reversed systemic racism Prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person or group compared to another group, usually in a way considered unfair. - ethnocentric - racism - bias - altruism According to Bennett, ethnorelativism is: - the perspective that behavior can only be understood within a cultural context. - the perspective that behavior is assessed in relation to one's own cultural standards. - the perspective that values are constructed by culture. - the perspective that values and identity are not ethnically bound. Cultural Blindness: - it exhibits cultural sensitivity practices to all cultures of clients. - It is fair to everyone and promotes equity in provider care. - Attempts to avoid bias by ignoring racial or cultural differences. - is the best way to approach a diverse client A human service practitioner appreciates the impact of her own ethnicity and racial attitudes on potential clients and actively works to limit the impact of such factors. Into which of Cross et al.'s individual cultural competence skill areas does this fall? - Adaptation of skills - Knowledge of the client's culture - Self-awareness - Dynamics of difference When a provider knows/appreciates the impact of their own ethnicity and racial attitudes and actively work to limit the impact of such factors on their patients/clients/coworkers. - Self-acceptance - Self-awareness - Self-worldviews - Knowledge of culture Which of the following processes defined by Fisher and the APA implies that helpers must be knowledgeable about cultural differences and how they affect the expression and solution of ethical problems? - Multicultural ethical commitment - Multicultural ethical awareness - Goodness of fit ethics - Multicultural ethical decision-making There are three areas, according to your text, that are characteristics of culturally skilled health care providers. And, with in each of these three areas Sue and Sue (2014) states that each of them is broken down into three dimensions. What are those dimensions? - awareness, knowledge and skills - beliefs & attitudes, knowledge and skills - ethical reasoning, knowledge and attitudes - cultural awareness, knowledge and skills What is the study of health that focus upon the frequency, prevalence, distribution and cause of illness and disease in various populations often associated with Public Health. - paleontology - ethnology - epidemiology - entomology There are policies and practices within and across institutions that, intentionally or not, produce outcomes that chronically favor, or put a racial group at a disadvantage. Poignant examples of institutional racism can be found in school disciplinary policies in which students of color are punished at much higher rates than their white counterparts, in the criminal justice system, and within many employment sectors in which day-to-day operations, as well as hiring and firing practices can significantly disadvantaged workers of color. It is also seen in IVY league schools enrollment numbers of students of diverse backgrounds. - Individual Racism - Cultural Racism - Systemic Racism - Institutional Racism Sub cultures within cultures can have different health outcomes false true When doing scientific research, you do not want the statistical data to tell the story, you want personal accounts. True False