These notes explore key concepts of global atmospheric changes, including ozone depletion, the greenhouse effect, and the impacts of climate change. They detail the science behind ozone layer formation and destruction, the role of greenhouse gases in global warming, and the long-term effects on eco...
witnin the stratosphere mostly w 2o km incoming Uu radiation from the sun is involved in the splifting
, ,
and peforming of ozone ( os )
s absorbs aa of the Ur from
radiatiom the san
,
whicn is
rery dangerous
s uV radiation exposure cam cause damage ranging from sumburm to skin cancer and cataracts
-
stratospheric ozone layer protects Eartn by absorbing UV radiation
1 .
UV A
longest length least energetic
-
;
-
can cause some damage to
living cells
-
transmitted to Earth
2 . UVB
-
intermediate wavelengtn
cacuse of ozone
problem
-
3 .
uVC
sbortast
wavelength mostenergetic
-
ozome Formation
0 + 0 ~ → 0
s
-
도
s
0.
No 고
→ 20
bo a
a 0 + 02 →
03
ozone shield : stratospheric ozone tmatabsorbs most( aas ) uV radiation : the 11 . ou B radiation that
reaches skim and damages crops and other
us causes cancer
organisms
-
How ozone is formed in the stratusphere :
UVe radiation splits or molecules into fres oxygen ( o )
.
02 + UVC yoto
some O combines with or to form ozome (o 3)
O + Oa → O 3
Ozone Destruction
oxygen atoms combine with O form
some to O
3 로
O + 037 02 + O일
-
oz absorbs urBand converts to oand Oc
O3 + UVB → 0 + Oc
causes of the Ozone Hole
of CFCs Cchlorofluorucarbons) Gost
s
cause for depletion was the increased 7o
-
ozone use in
primary '
-
CFCS :
s monreactire
snonflammable
s
nontoxis organic molecules
s
normally gaseous ,
but liauefy under
pressure
s were used as
refrigerants and propeslants tconsidered an advancement on carier
refrigerants
such as ammoia c which are toxics
s and
plastic foams , refrigerator , air conditions ,
aerosol cans
4 found become r altitudes
only after widespread use that cFCs unstable at where they
could be exposed to ur radiation from sun
4 pichlorod ' fluorometnane [ R 12
-
on CFC -
12 )
=
most common
prior
to ban
s Chlorod : fluoro methame Ltype of HCFC) → still used as re
frigerant in
developing countries
earth atmospbere up of and Calong wI smal Cor CH 4 , and
'
s made N 0 water quantities of
-
, , rapor ,
a
number of other trace gases
* Jreem house effeat s natural process by whicn neat is trapped witnin atmosphere by these
green bouse gases
results in earen '
s
s averagetemp .being 33 c warmer than if there was no atmosphere
s
greenbouse gases ast as a thermal blanket around the ear th
Glets
sunlight in
s some solar energy is reflected before it reaches the surface and from the surface ,
but
some is reflested back to the Earth coH σ '
s absorb + release reflected energy , trapping it
in the atmosphere )
-
greenhouse gases act as a thermal blanket around the eartn , letting in sunlignt , but trapping the
heat that would radiate back into
normally space
Olobal
warming
-
fluctuation ' s in surface tem p . are normal ( result of climate shifts )
mid 2 oin century been on global warming
-
since surface temp nas
=
.
,
s consensus
by researcnersslobal warming isa result of r in atmospheric leveis of coz and
other antnropogenic greenbouse gases
Hao plays important part in
keeping eartn '
temp
-
an s stable
7 water inflnenced earth s
'
vapor is by temp ,
.
n in
temp .
=
h water to
erapurate [ can ennance
warming effest of otner JH σ
'
s )
lived
'
.
is
very short unlike other oHo s because water aycles from the atmos . and back
'
sources Of OH 8 s
renicles ), ;combustion o f coalfwoodl oit ; burning
Majorsources of cor : exnaust[ rainforest( carbory sinks )
-
-
Cl 4 major sources :
plant debris ,
landfills ; belching f flatus of cattle ; saturated soils lex ; rice
paddy fields ] : AJREATEST beat -
trapping ability
-
CFCs :
leaking coolant from fridges , leaking coolant from air cons
-
Nitrous oxide :
car exhaust
( BAD ) triggered by exhaust ( smog)
tropospheric
:
ozone car
-
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