INDEX
TOPIC Plobal change DATE 12 . □ 24
.
NOTE
Stratospheris OEone Depletion
-
witnin the stratosphere mostly w 2o km incoming Uu radiation from the sun is involved in the splifting
, ,
and peforming of ozone ( os )
s absorbs aa of the Ur from
radiatiom the san
,
whicn is
rery dangerous
s uV radiation exposure cam cause damage ranging from sumburm to skin cancer and cataracts
-
stratospheric ozone layer protects Eartn by absorbing UV radiation
1 .
UV A
longest length least energetic
-
;
-
can cause some damage to
living cells
-
transmitted to Earth
2 . UVB
-
intermediate wavelengtn
cacuse of ozone
problem
-
3 .
uVC
sbortast
wavelength mostenergetic
-
ozome Formation
0 + 0 ~ → 0
s
-
도
s
0.
No 고
→ 20
bo a
a 0 + 02 →
03
ozone shield : stratospheric ozone tmatabsorbs most( aas ) uV radiation : the 11 . ou B radiation that
reaches skim and damages crops and other
us causes cancer
organisms
-
How ozone is formed in the stratusphere :
UVe radiation splits or molecules into fres oxygen ( o )
.
02 + UVC yoto
some O combines with or to form ozome (o 3)
O + Oa → O 3
Ozone Destruction
oxygen atoms combine with O form
some to O
3 로
O + 037 02 + O일
-
oz absorbs urBand converts to oand Oc
O3 + UVB → 0 + Oc
causes of the Ozone Hole
of CFCs Cchlorofluorucarbons) Gost
s
cause for depletion was the increased 7o
-
ozone use in
primary '
-
CFCS :
s monreactire
snonflammable
s
nontoxis organic molecules
s
normally gaseous ,
but liauefy under
pressure
s were used as
refrigerants and propeslants tconsidered an advancement on carier
refrigerants
such as ammoia c which are toxics
s and
plastic foams , refrigerator , air conditions ,
aerosol cans
4 found become r altitudes
only after widespread use that cFCs unstable at where they
could be exposed to ur radiation from sun
4 pichlorod ' fluorometnane [ R 12
-
on CFC -
12 )
=
most common
prior
to ban
s Chlorod : fluoro methame Ltype of HCFC) → still used as re
frigerant in
developing countries
Anthropogemic ozone Destruction
1) photo -
dissosiation -
sun brealas up moreaule
Tricnlorofiuoromexname D, chlorocfluorolmetnyl anlorime
CFCI 3
→ CCI 2 F + 이
, INDEX
2) cnsorine breaks ozone '
s bonds +
pulls off one atorm of oxygen , forming a Co molecule and Oz
NOTE
O 3
+ CI → C1 O + Or
) Finallay free Ontom Bulls the from Clo liberating chlorine and
creating
3
,
a
oxygen atom ,
the
one oxsgen molecule :
Cloto → al + Oz
↑
( promotes wlo being used up )
acts as a
catalyst ran
s
every chlorine molecule lasts 4 o -
100 yrs in the air I aanbreas down 100 ,
000 0
s
molecules )
Infernational Agreement
1987 : Montreal bamned production of CFCS
pro tocol
-
s black mar kef for CFCS
-
cFCs are only I group of ozone
depleting chemicals
Free Cr stratw peaked around 199 g +
projested to declins for more than century
-
in .
a
wzone loss is projected to dimish slomly but willtake anotner t 00 -wo for full recovery
-
yrs
Beplacing CFCs
-
alteratives developed have their set of problems Lprimarily s most potemt oy δ '
)
own are
very s
1 a 2 Os 1950 s 199 Os 2010 s
1 1 1
λ > "
√
「
\
CFC chorofluurocarbon
'
HcFC :
hydrochlorofluoro carbon HFC Hydrofluorocarbon
:
IFO :
bydrofluoroolefin
-
rozone depletion -
↓ ozone deple tion
-
o ozone depletion -
0 ozone de pletion
-
n σ H potential -
oa σ H potential
-
n σ시 potential
-
very t 5 lH potential
Thc Jreenbouse Effect
earth atmospbere up of and Calong wI smal Cor CH 4 , and
'
s made N 0 water quantities of
-
, , rapor ,
a
number of other trace gases
* Jreem house effeat s natural process by whicn neat is trapped witnin atmosphere by these
green bouse gases
results in earen '
s
s averagetemp .being 33 c warmer than if there was no atmosphere
s
greenbouse gases ast as a thermal blanket around the ear th
Glets
sunlight in
s some solar energy is reflected before it reaches the surface and from the surface ,
but
some is reflested back to the Earth coH σ '
s absorb + release reflected energy , trapping it
in the atmosphere )
-
greenhouse gases act as a thermal blanket around the eartn , letting in sunlignt , but trapping the
heat that would radiate back into
normally space
Olobal
warming
-
fluctuation ' s in surface tem p . are normal ( result of climate shifts )
mid 2 oin century been on global warming
-
since surface temp nas
=
.
,
s consensus
by researcnersslobal warming isa result of r in atmospheric leveis of coz and
other antnropogenic greenbouse gases
Hao plays important part in
keeping eartn '
temp
-
an s stable
7 water inflnenced earth s
'
vapor is by temp ,
.
n in
temp .
=
h water to
erapurate [ can ennance
warming effest of otner JH σ
'
s )
lived
'
.
is
very short unlike other oHo s because water aycles from the atmos . and back
'
sources Of OH 8 s
renicles ), ;combustion o f coalfwoodl oit ; burning
Majorsources of cor : exnaust[ rainforest( carbory sinks )
-
-
Cl 4 major sources :
plant debris ,
landfills ; belching f flatus of cattle ; saturated soils lex ; rice
paddy fields ] : AJREATEST beat -
trapping ability
-
CFCs :
leaking coolant from fridges , leaking coolant from air cons
-
Nitrous oxide :
car exhaust
( BAD ) triggered by exhaust ( smog)
tropospheric
:
ozone car
-
TOPIC Plobal change DATE 12 . □ 24
.
NOTE
Stratospheris OEone Depletion
-
witnin the stratosphere mostly w 2o km incoming Uu radiation from the sun is involved in the splifting
, ,
and peforming of ozone ( os )
s absorbs aa of the Ur from
radiatiom the san
,
whicn is
rery dangerous
s uV radiation exposure cam cause damage ranging from sumburm to skin cancer and cataracts
-
stratospheric ozone layer protects Eartn by absorbing UV radiation
1 .
UV A
longest length least energetic
-
;
-
can cause some damage to
living cells
-
transmitted to Earth
2 . UVB
-
intermediate wavelengtn
cacuse of ozone
problem
-
3 .
uVC
sbortast
wavelength mostenergetic
-
ozome Formation
0 + 0 ~ → 0
s
-
도
s
0.
No 고
→ 20
bo a
a 0 + 02 →
03
ozone shield : stratospheric ozone tmatabsorbs most( aas ) uV radiation : the 11 . ou B radiation that
reaches skim and damages crops and other
us causes cancer
organisms
-
How ozone is formed in the stratusphere :
UVe radiation splits or molecules into fres oxygen ( o )
.
02 + UVC yoto
some O combines with or to form ozome (o 3)
O + Oa → O 3
Ozone Destruction
oxygen atoms combine with O form
some to O
3 로
O + 037 02 + O일
-
oz absorbs urBand converts to oand Oc
O3 + UVB → 0 + Oc
causes of the Ozone Hole
of CFCs Cchlorofluorucarbons) Gost
s
cause for depletion was the increased 7o
-
ozone use in
primary '
-
CFCS :
s monreactire
snonflammable
s
nontoxis organic molecules
s
normally gaseous ,
but liauefy under
pressure
s were used as
refrigerants and propeslants tconsidered an advancement on carier
refrigerants
such as ammoia c which are toxics
s and
plastic foams , refrigerator , air conditions ,
aerosol cans
4 found become r altitudes
only after widespread use that cFCs unstable at where they
could be exposed to ur radiation from sun
4 pichlorod ' fluorometnane [ R 12
-
on CFC -
12 )
=
most common
prior
to ban
s Chlorod : fluoro methame Ltype of HCFC) → still used as re
frigerant in
developing countries
Anthropogemic ozone Destruction
1) photo -
dissosiation -
sun brealas up moreaule
Tricnlorofiuoromexname D, chlorocfluorolmetnyl anlorime
CFCI 3
→ CCI 2 F + 이
, INDEX
2) cnsorine breaks ozone '
s bonds +
pulls off one atorm of oxygen , forming a Co molecule and Oz
NOTE
O 3
+ CI → C1 O + Or
) Finallay free Ontom Bulls the from Clo liberating chlorine and
creating
3
,
a
oxygen atom ,
the
one oxsgen molecule :
Cloto → al + Oz
↑
( promotes wlo being used up )
acts as a
catalyst ran
s
every chlorine molecule lasts 4 o -
100 yrs in the air I aanbreas down 100 ,
000 0
s
molecules )
Infernational Agreement
1987 : Montreal bamned production of CFCS
pro tocol
-
s black mar kef for CFCS
-
cFCs are only I group of ozone
depleting chemicals
Free Cr stratw peaked around 199 g +
projested to declins for more than century
-
in .
a
wzone loss is projected to dimish slomly but willtake anotner t 00 -wo for full recovery
-
yrs
Beplacing CFCs
-
alteratives developed have their set of problems Lprimarily s most potemt oy δ '
)
own are
very s
1 a 2 Os 1950 s 199 Os 2010 s
1 1 1
λ > "
√
「
\
CFC chorofluurocarbon
'
HcFC :
hydrochlorofluoro carbon HFC Hydrofluorocarbon
:
IFO :
bydrofluoroolefin
-
rozone depletion -
↓ ozone deple tion
-
o ozone depletion -
0 ozone de pletion
-
n σ H potential -
oa σ H potential
-
n σ시 potential
-
very t 5 lH potential
Thc Jreenbouse Effect
earth atmospbere up of and Calong wI smal Cor CH 4 , and
'
s made N 0 water quantities of
-
, , rapor ,
a
number of other trace gases
* Jreem house effeat s natural process by whicn neat is trapped witnin atmosphere by these
green bouse gases
results in earen '
s
s averagetemp .being 33 c warmer than if there was no atmosphere
s
greenbouse gases ast as a thermal blanket around the ear th
Glets
sunlight in
s some solar energy is reflected before it reaches the surface and from the surface ,
but
some is reflested back to the Earth coH σ '
s absorb + release reflected energy , trapping it
in the atmosphere )
-
greenhouse gases act as a thermal blanket around the eartn , letting in sunlignt , but trapping the
heat that would radiate back into
normally space
Olobal
warming
-
fluctuation ' s in surface tem p . are normal ( result of climate shifts )
mid 2 oin century been on global warming
-
since surface temp nas
=
.
,
s consensus
by researcnersslobal warming isa result of r in atmospheric leveis of coz and
other antnropogenic greenbouse gases
Hao plays important part in
keeping eartn '
temp
-
an s stable
7 water inflnenced earth s
'
vapor is by temp ,
.
n in
temp .
=
h water to
erapurate [ can ennance
warming effest of otner JH σ
'
s )
lived
'
.
is
very short unlike other oHo s because water aycles from the atmos . and back
'
sources Of OH 8 s
renicles ), ;combustion o f coalfwoodl oit ; burning
Majorsources of cor : exnaust[ rainforest( carbory sinks )
-
-
Cl 4 major sources :
plant debris ,
landfills ; belching f flatus of cattle ; saturated soils lex ; rice
paddy fields ] : AJREATEST beat -
trapping ability
-
CFCs :
leaking coolant from fridges , leaking coolant from air cons
-
Nitrous oxide :
car exhaust
( BAD ) triggered by exhaust ( smog)
tropospheric
:
ozone car
-
