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MBIO 3401 Final Exam Zhang Ttu Questions with Detailed Answers 2025 Graded A

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MBIO 3401

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MBIO 3401

Nori used as a sushi wrap is produced by growing Porphyra, a ________, in tanks. -Correct Answer red algae The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is utilized to monitor molecular interactions between... -Correct Answer DNA and proteins In many bacteria, the electron carrier ______ is...

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MBIO 3401

MBIO 3401 Final Exam Zhang Ttu
Questions with Detailed Answers 2025
Graded A
Nori used as a sushi wrap is produced by growing Porphyra, a ________, in tanks. -
Correct Answer ✔red algae

The electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) is utilized to monitor molecular
interactions between... -Correct Answer ✔DNA and proteins

In many bacteria, the electron carrier ______ is used for biosynthesis, wereas ______
feeds the electron transport system. -Correct Answer ✔NADPH; NADH

How many turns of the Calvin cycle does it take to provide one molecule of
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate into the biosynthesis of glucose? -Correct Answer ✔3

Which of the following is NOT a terminal electron acceptor in anaerobic respirations? -
Correct Answer ✔hydrogen sulfide

The recipient of Hfr conjugation _________ becomes an F+ or Hfr cell. -Correct Answer
✔rarely

The difference between generalized and specialized transduction is... -Correct Answer
✔that in generalized transduction, any DNA can be moved, but with specialized
transduction, only certain DNA near the phage site can be moved.

Mold ripening refers to the secondary _______ stage of cheese production. -Correct
Answer ✔fermentation

A bacterium capable of producing methane and water from carbon dioxide and
hydrogen performs a type of metabolism called _______ and, given its sources of
electrons, it is a _________. -Correct Answer ✔methanogenesis; chemolithotroph

Chemoorganotrophy is a term describing microorganisms that... -Correct Answer ✔use
organic compounds as a source of electrons and obtain energy through fermentations
or respiration

What kind of mutation is produced by transposable elements? -Correct Answer
✔insertion

_______ prevent transcription, whereas ________ stimulates transcription. -Correct
Answer ✔Repressors; activators

MBIO 3401

,MBIO 3401

Hydrolysis of ATP with the release of pyrophosphate is the driving force of which of the
following reaction(s)? -Correct Answer ✔DNA and RNA synthesis

A derivative F plasmid that contains host DNA is called an... -Correct Answer ✔F'
plasmid

How does bacteriorhodopsin couple photoexcitation with proton pumping? -Correct
Answer ✔Light-induced conformational changes of retinal cause the protein to extrude
one proton.

Electron transport systems are embedded in what membrane system, among others? -
Correct Answer ✔mitochondrial inner membrane
thylakoids
inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

Which of the following is the most common cause of food-borne deaths in the United
States? -Correct Answer ✔Salmonella

Which form of control is the most rapid? -Correct Answer ✔translational control

Most virus particles produced from an influenza virus infection are... -Correct Answer
✔defective

A loss-of-function mutation could NOT be caused by... -Correct Answer ✔silent mutation

HIV-infected cells can fuse with a neighboring cell, resulting in the formation of a giant
multinucleate cell called a(n)... -Correct Answer ✔synctyium

Which of the following best describes the genome of the influenza virus? -Correct
Answer ✔negative-strand segmented DNA

Once T4 DNA has been injected into host cells, all of the following virus life cycle stages
take place EXCEPT... -Correct Answer ✔T4 undergo lytic or lysogenic cycles depending
on environmental factors

A modest level of ethanol enters the human circulation naturally from _______,
equivalent to a fraction of a drink per day. -Correct Answer ✔intestinal flora

Herpes simplex viruses causes primary _______ infections -Correct Answer ✔epithelial

The process of importing free DNA into cells is known as... -Correct Answer
✔transformation

MBIO 3401

,MBIO 3401

Production of traditionally fermented foods typically relies on ________ flora, whereas
commercially fermentation generally relies on ________ -Correct Answer ✔indigenous;
starter cultures

What type of reporter fusions can expose both transcriptional and translational controls?
-Correct Answer ✔gene fusions

Extreme halophilic archaea exclusively utilize which kind of ion gradient? -Correct
Answer ✔sodium ion

The role of leader sequence in Tryp operon is to... -Correct Answer ✔determine whether
transcription can proceed through the genes in the operon

Which pathway is utilized for carbon fixation in chloroplasts and cyanobacteria? -Correct
Answer ✔the Calvin cycle or reductive pentose phosphate cycle

Microbial biosynthetic processes require... -Correct Answer ✔essential elements
reduction
energy

Infection of potato crops by the fungus Phytophthora infestans is a constant menace to
farmers. A biotechnological approach to prevent the recurrence of such an infestation
is... -Correct Answer ✔introducing a wild potato gene that conveys resistance to P.
infestans into commercial potato breeds

Cyanobacteria have _______-based photosynthesis and are the only _______-
producing bacteria -Correct Answer ✔H2O; O2

Which of the following is the favored carbon source of E. coli? -Correct Answer
✔glucose

The enzyme pyruvate kinase catalyzes the conversion of phosphoenolypyruvate to
pyruvate; the phosphate group is transferred to ADP to form ATP. This reaction is an
example of... -Correct Answer ✔ATP synthesis by substrate-level phosphorylation

Which form of control is the least reversible and most drastic? -Correct Answer
✔alterations of DNA sequence

Which of the following molecules links glycolysis with the TCA cycle, and also serves as
a precursor for many biosynthetic products? -Correct Answer ✔acetyl-CoA

The purpose of a DNA protection assay is to determine the nucleotide sequence directly
interacting with which macromolecules? -Correct Answer ✔DNA-binding proteins

MBIO 3401

, MBIO 3401

Drug resistance arises quickly for Hepatitis C virus due to... -Correct Answer ✔high
error rates at the hypervariable regions within the RNA genome

western blot -Correct Answer ✔detects protein molecules

southern blot -Correct Answer ✔detects DNA fragments

northern blot -Correct Answer ✔detects RNA molecules

eastern blot -Correct Answer ✔does not exist

what does western blot use -Correct Answer ✔antibody to detect specific protein

real-time PCR -Correct Answer ✔determines DNA or RNA levels

affinity chromatography -Correct Answer ✔purifies protein products

EMSA -Correct Answer ✔determines if a protein binds DNA

DNA-protection analysis -Correct Answer ✔determines where in DNA protein binds

two hybrid analysis (yest system) -Correct Answer ✔determines whether protein x binds
to protein y
(protein-protein interactions)

whole genome DNA binding analysis -Correct Answer ✔identifies all sequences in a
genome a protein will bind to
(chip on chip)

biotechnology -Correct Answer ✔living organisms or their products are used to improve
human life

synthetic biology -Correct Answer ✔design and construction of new biological parts,
devices, and systems for a desired purpose

generalized transduction phage -Correct Answer ✔lytic phage like T4

specialized transduction phage -Correct Answer ✔temperate phage like lambda

restriction endonucleases -Correct Answer ✔digest dna that doesnt have methylated
recognition sites

CRISPR interference is an example of -Correct Answer ✔adaptive immunity

MBIO 3401

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