A Molecular Biology Q&A Handbook for Inquisitive Minds

Nucleic acidsDNA and RNA are examples; so called because they are found in the nucleus and possess many acidic phosphate groups. Adenineone of the four aromatic bases found in DNA and RNA; a purine that pairs with thymine (in DNA) and uracil (in RNA). Guanineone of four aromatic bases found in...

Central Dogma of Biology The flow of information of life. DNA to RNA to Protein. Sense Strand The strand of DNA that has the same sequence as the mRNA strand. Also known as the Non-Template strand. Anti-Sense Strand The strand of DNA that serves as the source for the protein code. Also known a...

What is Molecular Biology?A hybrid discipline that combines elements of genetics and biochemistry. It is the study of gene structure and function at the molecular level (cloning methodology, RNA, DNA, how genes operate, nucleic acid chemistry). Can the earliest work on genes be considered as mo...

What is Molecular biology? Hybrid discipline that combines elements of genetics and biochemistry. It is the study of gene structure and function at the molecular level. Gene "structure" Not the physical shape of a gene but a reference to the conserved bases that are consistently found in cert...

Which of the following can be described as the smallest living unit? (a)DNA (b)cell (c)organelle (d)protein B. CELL The flow of genetic information is controlled by a series of biochemical reactions that result in the production of proteins, each with its own specific order of amino acids. C...

DNA and RNA are polymers called_, and are made of monomers called __ nucleic acids; amino acids What are the three parts of a nucleotide? nitrogen base, phosphate group, sugar What does the pentagon, indicated by the number 1 on the figure, represent? sugar What does the circle, indicated by th...

Endonuclease A nuclease that breaks the DNA in the middle. Exonuclease A nuclease that breaks the DNA up from the ends. DNAse An enzyme that breaks down DNA. Helicase An enzyme that unwinds and unzips the DNA. Hind III A restriction enzyme the cuts up Lambda DNA. Klenow Fragment The sections th...

What bases pair together in DNA and RNA? DNA: A&T - C&G RNA: A&U - C&G What is the shape of DNA? shape - double helix Backbone - sugars and phosphates Rungs - base pairs Who discovered the shape in DNA? What year? james watson and francis clark (1953) Three types of RNA: mrna (messenger) - ...

Griffith Experiment observed change in streptococcus pneumoniae from bacteria without capsules (avirulent R rough colonies) to bacteria that had capsules (virulent S smooth colonies); result: heat-killed virulent bacteria could transform avirulent bacteria into virulent bacteria (prove that DN...

In the double helix structure of nucleic acids, cytosine hydrogen bonds to a. deoxyribose b. guanine c. ribose d adenine e. thymine b Which of the following statements regarding enzyme function is false? a. Enzymes are very specific for certain substrates. b. An enzyme's function depends o...

In the 1944 experiment by Avery et al., only ___ was able to transform a nonvirulent strain of bacteria into a virulent one, thereby demonstration that it is likely the ___. A) protein; chromosomal material B) genetics; protein material C) amino acid; DNA material D) DNA; genetic material D) D...

Alternative RNA splicing a post-transcriptional gene regulation mechanism in eukaryotes in which multiple protein products are produced by a single gene through alternative splicing combinations of the RNA transcript Codon three consecutive nucleotides in mrna that specify the addition of a spe...

Molecular biology The study of the molecular basis of genes and gene expression; molecular genetics. Central Dogma theory that states that, in cells, information only flows from DNA to RNA to proteins Transcription synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template Translation Process by which ...

Eukaryotic pre-mRNAs undergo three processing steps to become mRNA. What are they? 1. 5' cap addition 2. 3' poly-A tail addition 3. Splicing What stimulates resting B-cells to become plasma cells, divide and secrete antibody? Finding its target/binding of antigen to the antibody displayed ...