PCOL 838 EXAMS BUNDLE

acrocentric Refers to the terminal location of the centromere on chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21 and 22 allelic heterogeneity the situation in which multiple alleles at a singe locus can produce one or more disease phenotypes amorphic Refers to mutations that cause a complete loss of function for th...

what are the four major iselet cell types and their functions? - Answer-- beta cells = secrete insulin (60%) - alpha cells = secrete glucagon (30%) - delta cells = secrete somatostatin (10%) - pancreatic polypeptide secreting cell (1%) what is the effect of alpha cells (glucagon) on othe...

what is innate immunity -rapid response (hours) -fixed -limited number of specificities -constant during respone what is adaptive immunity -slow response (days to weeks) -variable -numerous highly selective specificities -improve during response examples of innate immunity -anatomical bar...

What are the histologic layers of the adrenal cortex? zona glomerulus, zona fasciculata, zona reticularis What hormone does the zona glomerulus secrete? aldosterone What hormone does the zona fasciculata secrete? cortisol What hormone does the zona reticularis secrete? DHEA What triggers glu...

what is the number of cells produced daily by bone marrow more than 100 billion cells are produced every day by the bone marrow what is the ratio of red blood cells to white blood cells in the bloodstream white blood cells (leukocytes: monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophi...

what are the roles of the lower esophageal sphincter in achalasia and in reflux esophagitis achalasia: a motor disorder; lower esophageal sphincter (LES) fails to relax properly; leads to dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), regurgitation and chest pain; over time leads to esophagus enlargement refl...

What composes blood? red cells, white cells, platelets, plasma What is the ratio of red blood cells to white blood cells in the bloodstream? white blood cells (leukocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) are generally present at about 1/700th the number of erythro...

What are the purines and pyrimidines? - Answer-purines: adenine, guanine pyrimidines: cytosine, uracil, thymine What are some examples of the cause of mutations in DNA? - Answer-cellular metabolism, UV light exposure, ionizing radiation, chemical exposure, replication errors What happens when...

What histologic features are associated with pancreatic secretion of digestive enzymes into the GI tract? - Answer-**Acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes** Ductal cells secrete pancreatic juice containing NaHCO3 What are the neural and hormonal controls over exocrine pancreatic function? - A...