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Grade 10 History Unit 1 - Canada in World War One, Notes
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Grade 10 History Unit 1 - Canada in World War One, Notes
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Activity 1: World War One EruptsCauses of World War One
There were three primary causes of World War One:
- Militarism:
Militarism refers to a focus on the importance of developing and improving the weapons
and military capabilities of a country. By the end of the 19 th century, Britain had control
of the world's oceans due to the size and strength of its navy. In 1906, Germany had
built their first two battleships, the Nassau and the Westfalen. This resulted in a naval
arms race in Europe; the result of this arms race was that by 1914, at the onset of the
war, the British had retained its pre-eminence as the world's naval power, with as many
dreadnoughts as both the United States and Germany combined. However, at the same
time, Germany catapulted from being the fifth largest naval force (behind the British,
Americans, French, Russians, and Japanese) to the second largest.
- Alliances:
In the late 19 th century, Germany and the Austro-Hungarian Empire allied themselves
together as a way of protecting themselves from their Russian neighbours to the east. By
1882, Italy joined this alliance, thus forming the Triple Alliance. This is how these three
countries entered the First World War. In 1894, the Russians signed a defensive treaty
with France against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Through a series of later treaties in
the first decade of the 20 th century, The Franco-Russian Alliance was expanded to
include Great Britain and became the Triple Entente.
Most of the world before World War One had been divided up by the European empires.
The map shows which parts of the world were under the influence or direct control of
which European empires and which regions were fully independent. The map shows the
British Empire having control of numerous colonies throughout Africa and southern Asia,
including control over both the young countries of Canada and Australia. France was
also a major player in the quest for colonial control over Africa. The map also shows that
Germany's colonial holdings were extremely limited with only three significant colonies in
Africa, all bordered by significant British or French colonies.
- Imperialism:
The 19 th century was a period of expansion for the European empires like Great Britain,
France, and Germany. Much of the acquisition of colonies took place in Asia and Africa.
The acquisition of colonies gave each empire greater access to cheap resources and
, raw materials for industry as well as new markets to sell their goods. In addition, this
helped to build the economies of these empires. By 1914, there was little territory in the
world left for the European empires to expand into.
National pride and the desire to secure the national interests of one's own country compounded,
or intensified, all of these causes.
The Spark that began World War One
On June 28, 1914, an event took place whose effects reverberated throughout the rest of the
world. It was on that date that Gavrilo Princip, a member of the Serbian terrorist group, the Black
Hand, assassinated the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, Archduke Franz Ferdinand and
his wife, Sophie, while the royal couple were visiting Sarajevo.
This action by the Black Hand set off a chain of events that eventually drew every major
European power, along with their colonies, into a global conflict. The government of
Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the assassination and gave an ultimatum that was
unacceptable to the Serbian government. As a result, Serbia was invaded by Austria-Hungary.
Russia's mobilization of its army to defend Serbia brought the Germans into the conflict, based
on its alliance agreements with Austria-Hungary. The entry of Germany into the war against
Russia forced France, and eventually Great Britain, into the conflict by the beginning of August,
1914.
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