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Grade 10 History Unit 3 - Canada In World War 2 Notes
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Grade 10 History Unit 3 - Canada In World War 2 Notes
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Activity 1: The Long Slow Slide into World War IIThe Manchurian Adventure
The Actions of the Japanese The Response of the League of Nations
Throughout the first half of the twentieth After the Japanese invasion, the leader of the
century, China had undergone much political Chinese Nationalist Party and head of the
turmoil and instability as the Ching dynasty Chinese government, Jiang Jie Shi (Chiang
collapsed and was replaced by republican Kai Shek), made an appeal to the League of
governments under Sun Yat Sen and Jiang Nations for assistance. The League
Jie Shi (Chiang Kai Shek). As this happened, conducted an investigation. In 1933, the
Japan's political star was rising, especially League concluded that Japan had invaded
after their success in the Russo-Japanese illegally and demanded them to withdraw
War. As a small, densely populated and from Manchuria. Despite this proclamation by
mountainous island nation, Japan was in the League of Nations, its members were not
need of greater access to resources which prepared or willing to enforce this demand on
China, and particularly Manchuria, held in the Japanese. As a result, Japan withdrew its
abundance. After an alleged sabotage by the membership in the League and continued its
Chinese of the South Manchurian Railway in occupation.
September 1931, which the Japanese were
protecting on behalf of the Manchu Emperor,
Pu Yi, the Japanese invaded and took control
of Manchuria.
The Actions of the Japanese The Response of the League of Nations
Japan then began an active campaign by the After the Japanese conquest of the eastern
Japanese to gain control of southeast Asia seaboard of China and up the Yangtze River
and incorporate it into their sphere of system, the League of Nations felt compelled
influence. To help achieve this, they deterred to respond. As they did with the invasion of
the Soviet Union by signing the Manchuria, the League condemned the
Anti-Comintern (anti-Communist) Pact with further occupation of China, but refrained
Germany in 1936, and then also with Italy: from further definitive actions against the
this became the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis. Japanese.
Having consolidated their gains, in 1937 the
Japanese engaged in all-out conquest of
China. This began with the capture of the
northern capital, Beijing, that summer. The
capture of Shanghai took much more work,
due to the fierce resistance of the Chinese
forces there. After Shanghai fell in December,
,the Japanese moved to lay siege to the
southern capital, Nanjing, where they
massacred much of the population.
Italian Conquest of Ethiopia
What Mussolini Did The Response of the League of Nations
Historically, Italy had been home to some of Ethiopian emperor, Haile Selassie, looked to
the most important empires and kingdoms in the League of Nations for assistance in
the world. The most obvious example of this removing their foreign aggressors. The
was the ancient Roman Empire. Like Hitler’s League of Nations made threats. Specifically,
desire to return Germany to its former glories, they threatened economic sanctions on
restoring Italy to the glory of these by-gone Mussolini’s oil imports if there was not a
days was one of Mussolini’s objectives. One complete withdrawal of Italian troops from
part of this return to glory would be avenging Ethiopia.
Italy’s losses in Ethiopia in 1895. Mussolini
took action in 1935. With the assistance of Mussolini countered the demands of the
Eritrea, north of Ethiopia, and Italian League of Nations. He refused to consider
Somaliland to the east, the Italians invaded withdrawing. He also threatened to go to war
the empire of Abyssinia, ruled by Haile if sanctions were imposed by the League.
Selassie.
The Ethiopian forces were no match for In response, the League of Nations backed
Mussolini’s. By 1936, all of Ethiopia was down.
under the control of Italy.
Germany Rejects the Treaty of Versailles
What Germany Did How the World Responded
In 1933, Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of In 1933, Germany's intentions slowly began
Germany, in part by stirring up the distaste to become clear, as they first withdrew their
that Germans held for the Treaty of membership on October 14 from the League
Versailles, what it did to Germany, and to of Nations Conference for the Reduction and
German pride. After consolidating his power, Limitation of Armaments, something that
Hitler began to realize his desire to directly affected their ability to militarize, and
rejuvenate and restore Germany's status in then a week later fully withdrew from the
Europe. In 1935, he began re-arming League entirely. As a result, the League of
Germany in opposition to the terms of the Nations was put in a more challenging
Treaty of Versailles. Hitler also watched the position in terms of its ability to respond to
League of Nations’ response to the Japanese German actions.
, actions in China and the Italian actions in the
Horn of Africa. He used the League's With the Depression setting in, governments
responses as a barometer of how they might with larger domestic problems and
react to him making similar movements. populations that were still weary of the First
In March of 1936, Hitler reoccupied the World War, and thus reluctant to move
Rhineland territories that had been stripped towards a second war with Germany,
from Germany in 1919. The lack of any refrained from resisting the changes in
French opposition to this allowed him more Germany, and in some cases rationalizing
freehand to pursue the policy of anschluss, or German activities.
uniting Germany with Austria. This was made
possible by Hitler convincing Mussolini to
renege on the promises he made to respect
and ensure Austrian independence. By
intervening in Austrian politics, Hitler was
then able to manoeuvre the Nazi party into
influence in Austria, and eventually
conducted a plebiscite that resulted in the two
countries becoming united.
What Germany Did The Response of the League of Nations
In 1938, Hitler announced his plans to crush In response to the German invasion of the
Czechoslovakia in a single, massive military Sudetenland, Britain's Prime Minister, Neville
operation. Reluctant to enter another war, the Chamberlain, and then French Prime Minister
French and British, at the Munich conference, Edouard Daladier, agreed to allow this
agreed to allow Hitler to take the Sudetenland territory to shift to German control. This was
from the Czechs, since this was done without any input from the
predominantly German-speaking territory. Czechoslovakian government.
Hitler took things one step further and
occupied all of Czechoslovakia in March of
1939.
The Actions of the Japanese The Response of the League of Nations
Hitler's political manoeuvring led him to sign As a result of treaty obligations, both France
an agreement with the leader of the Soviet and Britain declared war on Germany on
Union, Josef Stalin. Since 1919, the German September 3, 1939. One week later, Canada
port of Danzig had been cut off from the rest joined the Allies by declaring war on
of Germany so that Poland would have a Germany as well, with dissent for the decision
seaport on the Baltic. Hitler then made an only coming from CCF MP J.S. Woodsworth.
agreement with Stalin to split control of
Poland. On the basis of this agreement, Hitler
invaded Poland on September 1, 1939.
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