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Biology Class Notes - MEIOSIS & MITOSIS
Detailed definitions and explanations of the concept. Color coordinated for easy communication.
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→ THE CELL CYCLE & MITOSISIntro to Cell Division
- All cells in an individual have identical DNA
● Mitosis
The process that produces two new nuclei with the same number and kinds of chromies
as the og nucleus.
- Ensures that each new cell inherits a complete set of the parent cells genetic info.
- Ensures the equal splitting of the DNA in cell division.
→ Examples of uses:
Unicellular Organisms (binary fission).
Zygote → Multicellular organism.
Old cells (skin) replaced with new cells.
Repair damaged tissue.
Cell Cycle
⭐︎Diagram in Notes
- Cell division occurs by a sequence of events called the cell cycle.
- Mitosis is just part (~10%) of the cell cycle.
- Cells must divide to maintain a high surface area:volume. Large cells can no longer
efficiently rely on diffusion for nutrient supply and waste removal.
● Interphase
- 90% of the cell life (when a cell does its job)
G1: cell grows
S: DNA duplication/replication
G2: more growth
● Mitosis & Cytokinesis
- 10% of cell life
→ Prophase
→ Metaphase
→ Anaphase ➤ Ensures equal distribution of DNA
→ Telophase
→ Cytokinesis : cell splits into 2 daughter cells / splits apart
, ⭐︎Interphase is in between everything
Prophase Prepare the chromies
Metaphase Meet in the middle
Anaphase Apart (pull apart)
Telophase The end.
Cytokinesis
● Interphase
3 Stages:
1. G1 (growth 1)
- DNA transcription-translation, growth, replication of organelles.
- Appearance of genetic material: chromatin, single stranded.
2. S (synthesis)
- DNA replication (new chromies)
- Appearance of genetic material: chromatin, double stranded
3. G2 (growth 2)
- DNA transcription-translation, structures associated with mitosis are
replicated (spindle proteins).
- Appearance of genetic material: chromatin, double stranded.
● Prophase
⭐︎Preparing
1. Chromatin condenses to form visible chromies.
2. Centrioles separate and move to the opposite poles of the cell.
3. Spindle fibres form.
4. Nuclear membranes and nuclei disappear.
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