100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary PSYCH1000 Chapter 2 lecture & textbook notes CA$4.28   Add to cart

Summary

Summary PSYCH1000 Chapter 2 lecture & textbook notes

 3 views  0 purchase

Includes integrated information from chapter 2 of the textbook as well as corresponding content from lecture. One-stop-shop for your PSYCH1000 final!

Preview 1 out of 2  pages

  • No
  • Chapter 2
  • April 10, 2021
  • 2
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary
book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:
All documents for this subject (15)
avatar-seller
dlbrenn
PSYCH1000: CHAPTER 2: STUDYING BEHAVIOUR
SCIENTIFICALLY

1. Collecting data
- random vs representative sampling, sample size
2. Research methods
- descriptive (case study, naturalistic, survey)
- Correlational (involves variables)
- Experiments (involves variables)
3. Pitfalls and Problems
- lack of control of variables confounds findings
4. Ethics
- where/how do we draw the line?

Methods of Research
• Descriptive Research: how organisms behave (natural settings)
• Case Studies: studying one exceptional case —> suggest ideas/hypotheses to test, not
conclusive causal evidence
• Naturalistic/Observation: describe behaviour/relations between variables in real-life
settings, observer must not influence
• Surveys: representative samples can estimate results for an entire population,
unrepresentative samples=distorted results, interviewer biases/interviewee bias
• Correlational Research: degree of relationship between naturally occurring variables
• Still no manipulation, just measuring 2 things and comparing
• +/- correlations, +1.0 and -1.0 = strongest correlations
• Correlation =/= causation (3rd variable problem), but X can predict Y
• Experimental Research: best way to determine cause/effect relations
• One / more independent variable(s) manipulated to study impact on dependent variable
(other variables controlled)
• Between groups design (dif people randomly assigned either control or experiment group)
• Repeated measures/within groups design (all ppl assigned to all conditions)
• Randomly order conditions to counterbalance potential order effect

Threats to the Validity of Research
• High internal validity = permits clear causal conclusions
• Confounding = independent variable mixed with uncontrolled variable (can’t link one to
effect) —> ruins internal validity
• Placebo Effect = behaviour/reaction changed by expectations—> weak internal validity
• Experimenter Expectancy = subtle influence by researcher conveys hypothesis (w.i.v)
• Demand characteristics = cues in experiment that convey hypothesis (subjects try to “help”
researcher)
• Double blind procedure: removes biases in both parties (nobody knows expected results)
• External validity = ability to generalize cause/effect findings
• Researchers use replication to determine (try to achieve same results again)
• Meta-analysis (combine many studies testing same variables) to assess generality

Ethical Principles in Human and Animal Research
• Informed consent, right to privacy, benefits must outweigh risk, deception = controversial
• Animal research - humane treatment, risks justified by potential importance of research
• Research must be approved by ethics review board (w/ nonscientists) before conducting

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller dlbrenn. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$4.28. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

82871 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$4.28
  • (0)
  Add to cart