100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Summary PSYCH1000 Chapter 10 lecture & textbook notes CA$4.32   Add to cart

Summary

Summary PSYCH1000 Chapter 10 lecture & textbook notes

 3 views  0 purchase

Includes integrated information from chapter 10 of the textbook as well as corresponding content from lecture. One-stop-shop for your PSYCH1000 final!

Preview 2 out of 5  pages

  • No
  • Chapter 10
  • April 10, 2021
  • 5
  • 2019/2020
  • Summary
book image

Book Title:

Author(s):

  • Edition:
  • ISBN:
  • Edition:
All documents for this subject (15)
avatar-seller
dlbrenn
PSYCH1000: CHAPTER 10: INTELLIGENCE
Intelligence in Historical Perspective
• Intelligence: ability to acquire knowledge, think & reason effectively, deal adaptively w env
• Cultural environments value different skills for adaptation —> concept of intelligence varies
• Host of abilities (memory, creativity… etc)
• Intelligence is what a test measures… but tests can be misleading
• Use of logical analysis does not necessarily = intelligence
• Galton: studied hereditary genius
• Are the relatives of intelligent people (successful businesspeople) also intelligent?
• Wanted to remove “unintelligent” students from school —> waste of resources
• Measured intelligence by reaction time (mental quickness), int as a sensory ability
• Believed intelligence was unitary, purely genetic/predetermined
• Developed correlation coefficient
• Results disappointing —> CC was not linked to genetics
• Binet: attempted to measure differences in children’s mental skills
• Was requested by French government to help classify children’s intelligence
• Intelligence = “collection of higher order abilities”
• Abilities not correlated
• Abilities results from learning (contrast to Galton)
• Develop test to tap several different abilities
• Uses CC with teacher ratings of students’ intelligence
• Correlation was actually quite strong (criterion validity)
• Tests revised and Mental Age introduced
• Standardized test — results have normal scores for each age group
• Mental age determined by which age group you score within
• Terman & Stern
• Adapt Binet’s French test for use in US at Stanford —> Stanford-Binet test (widely used)
• Different items/tasks that should be accomplished by certain ages
• IQ (intelligence quotient) = (Mental age) / (Chronological age) X 100
• S-B test is designed for children (not appropriate for adults)
• Scores might be way too high / not accurate for adults
• Wechler Adult Intelligence Scale
• WAIS - IV
• More research on this study, more accurate
• Measures 10 subscales (verbal, performance)
• Deviation IQ (z-score)
• IQ is a normal curve / distribution (mean=100, SD= 15)

The Nature of Intelligence
• Psychometric Approach
• Map intellect structure & establish how many classes of mental ability underlie test scores
• Factor analysis: identifies clusters of measures that are highly correlated
• These test scores are assumed to have a common underlying factor/skill
• Spearman: intelligence = specific cognitive abilities + general intelligence (g)
• Thurstone: intelligence = set of specific abilities (distinction between abilities)
• Cattell & Horn: g is broken up into crystallized & fluid intelligence
• Crystallized: applying previous knowledge/experience to current problems
• Fluid: dealing with new problems without personal experience
• Throughout life, we rely less on fluid intelligence as we gain wisdom
• Carroll’s three-statum model
• General intelligence (g) —> broad abilities —> narrow cognitive/perceptual skills

, • Most accurate psychometric representation of human cognitive abilities
• Cognitive Processes Approach
• Focus on specific thought processes that underlie mental competencies
• Sternberg: triarchic theory of intelligence
• 3 major info-processing components underlying intelligent behaviour
• metacomponents, performance components, knowledge acquisition
• 3 types of intelligence: analytical, practical, creative
• Gardiner: multiple intelligences (9 distinct forms)
• Theory of emotional intelligence
• Read & respond to others’ emotions, motivate oneself, awareness+control of emotions

The Measurement of Intelligence
• Most modern intelligence tests (ex Wechsler scales) measure many different abilities
• Provide sub-scores for specific strengths/weaknesses
• Some recent tests derived directly from intelligence theories
• Kaufman scale: separate fluid & crystallized intelligence scores
• Sternberg’s STAT: measures analytical, practical, creative intelligences separately
• Achievement vs aptitude tests: what has already been learned vs potential for future learning
• Most tests measure both (hard to separate tests from prior learning)
• Standards for psychological tests
• Reliability: consistency of measurement
• Over time, within tests, across scorers
• Test-Retest method: see if test results are similar later
• Reliability is greater the more questions there are
• Validity: does the test measure what it intends to?
• Acceptable relations with relevant criterion measures (ex. Job success)
• Relationship between IQ and achievement is not necessarily that high
• Standardization: development of norms (normal distribution), standard testing conditions
• IQ forms a normal distribution where 100 is the mean
• Dynamic test: standard test followed by feedback & assessment of coaching application
• Can provide info that static testing does not, may have stronger criterion correlation
• IQ scores successfully predict range of academic, occupational, life outcomes
• Indicates that IQ tests measure important adaptational skills
• The Flynn Effect: notable rise in intelligence test scores over past century
• May be result of better living conditions, more schooling, more complex environments
• Bias: is the knowledge “culture-fair” or does it require specific cultural knowledge?
• More than just an “academic” question —> can impact streaming and ppl’s futures
• Possible solution: devise tests applicable to necessary adaptational skills of an env
• Dove’s Chitterling Test
• A purposely unfair IQ test
• Raven’s Matrices
• A culture-fair intelligence test (not tied to any culture’s knowledge base)
• Starts simple and gets harder (your score from 100 tests = how far you get)
• Recent physiological evidence shows intelligent peoples’ brains may work more efficiently
• Brain size not relevant, but neural networks may be very important
• Theory that brain plasticity may underlie intelligence

Savant Syndrome
• Dr. J.L. Down —> “Idiot Savant”
• At the time, idiot was a term for intellectual impairment (IQ < 25)
• Excel in narrow range of abilities (can have multiple skills)
• Lighting fast math
• Music
• Calendar calculations

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller dlbrenn. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$4.32. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

62890 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$4.32
  • (0)
  Add to cart