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BIOL 1020 and BIOL 1021 - Lecture 13- Bacteria and Archaea -
Assigned Readings in Textbook:
Chapter 26 (section 26.1) – Two Prokaryotic Domains (pages 530 to 535)
Chapter 26 (section 26.2) – An Expanded Carbon Cycle (pages 535 to 538)
Chapter 26 (section 26.3) – Other Biogeochemical Cycles (pages 538 to 540)
Use the following wireframe outline to make notes on the content presented in Lecture 13
Refer to Chapter 26 in your textbook and the Chapter 26 resources on LaunchPad to supplement
your notes and aid in studying this material.
1. What are prokaryotes?
Ancient organisms
Ubiquitous – occur / thrive almost everywhere
- Including extreme habitats too hostile for most organisms
Successful – due to structural, functional, genetic adaptations
Have simple internal organization
Classified into 2 domains based on structure, physiology and biochemistry
(a) how are prokaryotes classified?
Tree of life consists of 3 branches (= domains)
1. Bacteria
2. Archaea
3. Eukaryotes
(b) why is size of prokaryotes restricted?
Much smaller than average eukaryotic protest, plant or animal cells
Surface area: Volume ratio limits size
(c) how are morphology and metabolism related in prokaryotes?
Morphologically simple but metabolically diverse playing a key role in the cycling of matter on
earth
1
, 2. What is the structure of a bacterial cell?
Location Structure Notes
Internal Structures cytoplasm
nucleoid region
plasmids
ribosomes
special membranes
External Structures plasma membrane
-Cell walls contain peptidoglycan polymer of
modified sugars cross-linked by short
cell wall polypeptides
-Cell walls of Archaea lack peptidoglycan
flagellum (flagella)
capsule
pili
2
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