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Lecture notes Psychology Core (PSY-4008Y) Psychology, ISBN: 9780230579835 CA$28.04   Add to cart
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Lecture notes Psychology Core (PSY-4008Y) Psychology, ISBN: 9780230579835
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  • Course
  • Psychology Core (PSY4008Y)
  • Institution
  • University Of East Anglia
  • Book
  • Psychology

the first few lectures notes taken from Theme 1, useful for short snappy bits of information. the Psychology book by Schacter, Wegner, Gilbert will explain bits in more detail but most of the information links up.

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  • May 30, 2021
  • 3
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
  • Cooper
  • All classes

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  • condensed
  • firstyear
  • psychology
  • lecturenotes

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  • University of East Anglia
  • University of East Anglia
  • Psychology Core (PSY4008Y)
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Exploring Learning 5a: 12/10/20

Academic achievement &
personality
What is personality? How is it defined?
A dynamic organisation inside the person of psychophysical systems that create the persons
characteristic patterns of behaviour, thoughts & feelings – Allport 161.

o No universally accepted definition
o But agreement that personality is a psychological construct
o Issues for psychology as a science (with the need to define precisely to measure effectively)

Why study personality?
= we want to know the basic nature of human beings, to provide descriptions of behaviour, we want
to be able to measure personality & understand the continuum between normal & abnormal
behaviour, to develop interventions, explain motivations & explore the nature nurture debate.

What is the best way to research personality?
Gordan Allport made the distinction between the nomothetic approach (broad universal laws) &
idiographic approach (studies the individual).

1. Nomothetic approach
Group data, large samples, quantitative data, statistical methods -> identify the structure of
personality, develop norms for comparison, predict behaviour

2. Idiographic approach
Focuses on the individual, qualitative data, case study approach & constructs theory from case
studies -> to develop in-depth unique understanding of the individual, rich descriptions.

Are personality traits stable across situations?
Person vs situation debate – Hans Eysenck, Walter Mischel, Philip Zimbardo

E.g.: Abu Ghraib prison – American soldiers were torturing Iraqi soldiers, were treated horrendously.
Frederick was punished for the part he played in this – in his trial, Zimbardo was brought forward to
defend him (he was a good person but went to work in a bad condition where they were praised for
being horrible to the prisoners – his behaviour was primarily the result of the situation & the
environment in which he found himself).



Exploring learning 5b
How is personality measured?
= the trait approach, the cognitive approach, the psychodynamic approach, the humanistic
approach. This week we are looking at the trait approach

Aims of trait theorists: Aim to identify personality traits that occur consistently across groups of
people, aim to identify the main traits that useful distinguish between types of people, to uncover
the basic structure of personality.

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