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8/10 IB Theory of Knowledge (TOK) Essay

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Theory of Knowledge

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This is my IB Theory of Knowledge (TOK) Essay which aims to answer the knowledge question: "`Statistics conceal as much as they reveal´. Discuss this claim with reference to two areas of knowledge." It was externally graded by IB Examiners in the May 2021 session and scored an A (8/10). Written b...

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Uploaded on July 30, 2021
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Theory of Knowledge Essay

“Statistics conceal as much as they reveal”. Discuss this claim with

reference to two areas of knowledge.

Candidate number:

Word count: 1600

Date of submission: May 2021

, Statistics are calculations based on data and are widely used in our daily lives. The

idea that “statistics conceal as much as they reveal” suggests that they misinform the

same amount as they inform, making me disagree with this claim. I believe that, though

statistics can be helpful and inform, they are more frequently used to conceal,

misinform and mislead more than we think. While the verb “conceal” means to hide or

cover up something and tends to have negative connotations, “reveal” means to make

something known, and tends to have positive ones. However, it is important to note

that concealing something is not always negative and likewise, revealing is not always

positive. These terms are subjective, as they are influenced by personal feelings,

tastes or opinions and thus, what is “concealing” to someone may be “revealing” to

someone else. It is therefore necessary to ask: “To what extent do statistics lead to

the concealment of shared knowledge in Human and Natural Sciences?” and “To what

extent do statistics lead to the acquisition of knowledge in Human and Natural

Sciences?”.

Statistics can conceal shared knowledge in Natural Sciences. Though Natural

Scientists collect data through observations by using sense perception and certain

tools, including microscopes or scanners, observations alone cannot validate or

disprove a hypothesis. Experimentation however, can. Scientists use intuition, reason

and imagination when creating a hypothesis, and then carry out experiments multiple

times to collect and analyse data, allowing them to draw a conclusion and acquire

knowledge that is considered to be ‘true’ today.

In October 1995, the UK Committee of Safety of Medicine (CSM) warned that, though

oral contraceptive pills containing certain progestogens were safe and effective for

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