100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
NEUR1202 - Classes 9-13 Summary/Notes - Exam Study Guide CA$12.23   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. Carleton University (CU )
  4.  
  5. Neuroscience
  6.  
  7. NEUR 1202 (NEUR1202)

Class notes

NEUR1202 - Classes 9-13 Summary/Notes - Exam Study Guide
 22 views  0 purchase

These are my detailed and organized notes of classes 9-13 of Kim Hellemans NEUR1202 class at Carleton University in the 2021 term. All important information is bolded and easy to find, this document is perfect study material for quiz 2 and the exam. Happy studying!

Preview 2 out of 6  pages

Document information

  • August 9, 2021
  • 6
  • 2021/2022
  • Class notes
  • Kim hellemans
  • 9-13

Subjects

Written for

All documents for this subject (5)

Seller

avatar-seller
alyweise

Content preview

Lectures 9-13

Lecture 9 - ADHD

Ino to ADHD
- attention -deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
- Developmental disorder
- Essential feature is pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity
- Hyperactivity: excessive motor activity at inappropriate times
- Impulsivity: doing w/out thinking, not considering consequences
ADD vs ADHD
- According to latest DSM-5 ADD not a diagnosis
- Now ADHD w/out the hyperactive
Key features of ADHD
- Need to demonstrate consistent inattentiveness and hyperactivity, at school home, and
peer related engagements
- Context matters
- ADHD creates other problems in child’s life
- Academic performance suffers
- Social rejection
- Not intellectual disorder, but can impact grades due to inattentiveness
Prevalence of ADHD
- 7.2% worldwide
- Adult, 2.5%
- Diagnostic criteria can vary between studies
- Cultural context
- Most DSM-5 criteria based on elementary school boys in north America
Comorbidity of ADHD
- Only about ⅓ children are diagnosed w ADHD alone.majority are diagnosed w at least
one other DSM disorder
Genetics of ADHD
- Highest genetic loading
- Most successfully treated
- Elevated in first-degree biological relatives of individuals with ADHD
- Etiology of ADHD has been suggested to e up to 80% genetic
- Potentials environmental/developmental factors
- Specific mutation in dopamine reuptake transporter (DAT1) more likely to
exhibit symptoms of ADHD in children whose mothers smoked during pregnancy
- Perinatal hypoxia- temporary shortage of oxygen around time of birth - been
linked to development of ADHD
- No convincing evidence that artificial food dye can cause ADHD
- No evidence ADHD can be caused by sugar
Behavioural markers of ADHD
- Children w ADHD will usually opt for immediate reward in psychological studies

, - Rewards apparently have less of an influence over the behaviour of children with ADHD
- Children with ADHD impaired performance in go-no-go task
- Some evidence showing that children with ADHD take more risks in gambling
experiments
- Seems children with ADHD makes risky and impulsive decisions (frontal lobe and
dopamine sys impairment)
- Dual pathway model
Neuroimaging findings in ADHD
- Reduced grey matter in prefrontal cortex, striatum, cerebellum and corpus callosum
Treatment of ADHD
- Pharmacological treated options very effective
- Psychostimulant variety of drugs most common for ADHD treatment
- Popular drugs include methylphenidate (Ritalin/concerta), amphetamine (adderal)
and d-amphetamine (dexedrine)
How do ADHD medications work?
- Amphetamines all generally work through similar mechanisms to boat dopamine and
norepinephrine signaling
- Theory is that individuals w ADHD have decreased activity of the PFC and increasing
DA allows for increasing attention
Worldwide use of methylphenidate
- Almost w/out exception, the rate of methylphenidate use is increasing worldwide

Lecture 10 - Autism Part 1

Intro - historical
- Leo Kanner - early infantile autism
- Hans Asperger
The autism spectrum
- Aspergers in autism spectrum
- Numerical grade based on functional impairment
- Behavioural and neurobiological traits represent one extreme of the spectrum
- Prevalence may be as high as 1 in every 500 births. ASD as a whole have prevalence
of 1 in every 110 births
Clinical description
- ASD Appears in early childhood, often recognized around ge 2
- Characterized by 3 major areas of difficulty:
- Impaired communication
- Impaired social interactions
- Restricted behaviour
1. Impaired communication
- Absent or delays in communication
- Unusual patterns of communication
- Echolalia: repeating the speech and intonation of others - is common

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller alyweise. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$12.23. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

67474 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$12.23
  • (0)
  Add to cart