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Notes Lecture Nervous and Digestive Tissue CA$5.36   Add to cart
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  3. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
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  5. Histology (AB_1138)

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Notes Lecture Nervous and Digestive Tissue
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  • Course
  • Histology (AB_1138)
  • Institution
  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)

This document contains the lecture notes I took during the lecture on nervous and digestive tissue during the Cell Biology-Histology course in the first year of Biomedical Sciences at the VU. Other lecture notes and summaries are available on my profile. I finished the Histology exam with a 7.3.

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Document information

  • September 19, 2021
  • 5
  • 2020/2021
  • Class notes
  • Mark verheijen
  • All classes

Subjects

  • histology
  • cell biology
  • nerous tissue
  • digestive tissue
  • lecture notes

Written for

  • Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (VU)
  • Biomedical Sciences
  • Histology (AB_1138)
All documents for this subject (9)

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Chapter 4.4 to 4.10 and chapter 12.1 to 12.3
- Able to recognize and name different types of nervous tissue and neural cells
- Able to explain the relation between shape and function of different types of
nervous tissue
- Able to explain the mechanism of synaptic communication
- Able to name the characteristics and functions of different types of glial cells

Nervous tissue
- Derived from ectoderm
- Central nervous system: brain and spinal cord
- Peripheral nervous system: the rest, e.g. in limbs and gut
- Afferent system (sensory information)
- Efferent system (motor commands)

Neuroglia (supporting cells)
- Maintain physical structure of tissues
- Repair tissue framework after injury
- Perform phagocytosis
- Provide nutrients to neurons
- Regulate the composition of the interstitial fluid surrounding neurons

Neurons have many different morphologies: the more complex the morphology, the more
complex the information they have to integrate.

Neuronal communication
- Neurons communicate
o With chemical messengers via synapses
o Via gap junctions (electrical synapses)
- Chemical messengers (neurotransmitters)
o Acetylcholine
o Amino acids (glutamine, GABA)
o Biogenic amines (serotonin, dopamine, adrenaline)
- These substances are in the axons (presynaptic) in vesicles and released after an
electric stimulus via exocytosis
- Results in activation of neurotransmitter receptors on the postsynaptic membrane

Skeletal muscle innervation: the neuromuscular junction

Schwann cells
- Sheath axons in the PNS
- Make the myelin sheath, which enhances conduction velocity of action potentials in
axons
- Nodes of Ranvier: for saltatory conduction (openings in between myelin sheets)

, Oligodendrocytes
- Predominantly present in white matter
- Formation of myelin sheet around neuronal axons in the CNS (comparable to
Schwann cells in the PNS).
- Can make myelin sheets on multiple axons

Microglia
- Microglial cells are present in both white and grey matter
- They are closely related to macrophages, (and are therefore classifies as connective
tissue, and not nervous tissue!)
- They can divide and migrate
- Their phenotype depends on their state of activation

Astrocyte function
- Structural support
- Neurotransmitter uptake from synaptic cleft (eg GABA, Glutamate)
- Ionic homeostasis
- Neuronal support: production of growth factors (eg NGF, BDNF)
- Response to injury/inflammation: phagocytosis, scar formation (gliosis)
- Part of Blood-Brain-Barrier (BBB)

Tight neuron-glia interaction in the CNS
- Glial cells take up transmitter that are spilled from the synapse (astrocyte)

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