PSY 101/Psychology 101 Test Bank

PSY 101/Psychology 101 Test Bank Psychology in Action The Science of Psychology Psychology in Action Key: Answer, Page, Type, Learning Objective, Level Type A=Applied C=Conceptual F=Factual Level (1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult LO=Learning Objective p=page MULTIPLE CHOICE Study Skills 1 What is a learning style? a the way a person takes in or absorbs information b a method of learning that people are generally born with c an approach to learning that is typically passed from generation to generation d a method of input selection that people unconsciously choose as their means of learning ANS: a, p. PIA-4, F, LO=PIA.1, (1) APA=1.1 2 Lee is taking Introductory Psychology for the very first time this semester. According to your textbook’s observations about learning styles, what should Lee do? a Lee should adapt to his teacher’s particular teaching style. Correct. The idea that we can simply adjust ourselves to how our teachers instruct is not really practical. b Lee should focus on what learning style works best for him and expect his teacher to adjust. c Lee should try to vary his study habits so that they are consistent with his own learning style. Incorrect. Knowing one’s own preferred learning style(s) can help you make use of the best study strategies. d Lee should change how he studies from chapter to chapter so that his brain is constantly stimulated in different ways. ANS: c, p. PIA-4, A, LO=PIA.1, (2) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 3 If you learn best by making charts and flashcards to help remember information, what type of study method are using? a visual method b verbal method c auditory method d action method ANS: a, p. PIA-5, F, LO=PIA.1, (2) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 4 Jose prefers to sit near the front of the class. He often studies with his friend Roberto and can be seen spending extra time in the psychology lab so as to fully understand the material. What study method is Jose using? a visual method b verbal method c auditory method Incorrect. Talking with another student may seem to be an auditory method, but it is more of an action method. d action method Correct. Studying with other students and sitting near the front are proven actions beneficial to performance. ANS: d, p. PIA-5, A, LO=PIA.1, (3) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 5 Karen prefers to take part in group discussions and listen to the professor talk about psychology. She even has digital recorder that she uses to tape the lecture. What style of study method does Karen prefer? a visual method b verbal method c auditory method Correct. Using a digital recorder is an excellent method for the auditory learner. d action method Incorrect. Group discussions may seem action-oriented, but tend to be more auditory in nature. ANS: c, p. PIA-5, A, LO=PIA.1, (2) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 6 Camilla’s best friend believes she should try a more hands-on, or action, approach to her studying. What study methods should Camilla use? a Camilla should practice spelling words or repeat facts that need to be remembered. b Camilla should act like she is making a speech about the material she has learned. c Camilla should visualize charts and diagrams in her mind as she is studying. Incorrect. Making charts is action-oriented, but not when it is done in one’s mind. d Camilla should sit near the front of the class and take notes by writing down key terms and charts that the instructor shows the class. Correct. Action study methods sometimes rely on physical proximity to the teacher. ANS: d, p. PIA-5, A, LO=PIA.1, (3) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 7 Thomas loves his astronomy class. He always prefers any chance to get out of the classroom and go to the observatory to actually apply those concepts that are taught. Thomas prefers what type of studying? a visual method Incorrect. Lab work may be visual, but not necessarily action-oriented. b verbal method c auditory method d action method Correct. Laboratory work is interactive and therefore a method of choice for actionoriented learners. ANS: d, p. PIA-5, A, LO=PIA.1, (2) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 8 “How do you eat an elephant? One bite at a time!” This funny little saying reminds you of the importance of: a using mnemonics. Incorrect. Mnemonics are memory strategies. They do not apply in this case. b procrastination, which is actually far more useful of a “skill” than it is given credit for. c using a calendar or a date book to manage your time. d breaking large tasks down into manageable pieces. Correct. This can be particularly useful when trying to complete a large paper or project. ANS: d, p. PIA-5, A, LO=PIA.2, (2) APA=5.1 9 Why is it important to build “play time” in to your overall study strategies? a Play time acts as a reinforcer for getting work done, and will help encourage you to keep moving forward with assignments or projects. Correct. By rewarding ourselves, we stay motivated to continue working. b There is only so much work you can do before you need an extended “decompression time.” c The play time helps us remember what we are working for. d Neuroimaging tests have proven that the more we play, the more receptive our brains become to learning new information. Incorrect. There is nothing in this section that supports this particular answer. ANS: a, p. PIA-6, C, LO=PIA.2, (3) APA=5.1 Mastering the Course Content 10 What is the first mistake people make in regard to reading a textbook? a Students don’t read the material prior to coming to class. b Students read their textbook like they would read any other recreational book or novel. c Students read too slowly, thus not allowing material to be remembered. d Students read too quickly, thus not allowing material to be remembered. ANS: a, p. PIA-6, F, LO=PIA.3, (1) APA=5.1 11 Kayla wants to become a clinical psychologist and hopes to start off her college career with an A in her introductory psychology class. What should Kayla always do prior to coming to class? a read the chapter in advance Correct. Reading material in advance is proven to influence effectiveness in the classroom. b review the chapter summary Incorrect. Reading the summary is helpful but not as effective as reading the entire chapter. c scan through the headings for each chapter d imagine what questions the instructor might ask that day ANS: a, p. PIA-6, A, LO=PIA.3, (1) APA=5.1 12 What is the second mistake people make in regard to reading a textbook? a Students don’t read the material prior to coming to class. b Students read their textbook like they would read a novel. c Students read too slowly, thus not allowing material to be remembered. d Students read too quickly and material is forgotten. ANS: b, p. PIA-7, F, LO=PIA.3, (1) APA=5.1 13 What is the S-Q-R-R-R or SQ3R? a a method of reviewing your notes after writing them b a method of reading your textbook so as to best remember material c a method of studying usually used the night prior to an exam d a method of highlighting material for maximum effectiveness ANS: b, p. PIA-7, F, LO=PIA.3, (1) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 14 What does SQ3R stand for? a Survey, Question, Remember, Recite, Remember b Survey, Question, Read, Recite, Recall/Review c Sentence, Question, Review, Recite, Recall d Sentence, Question, Read, Re-read, Re-re-read ANS: b, p. PIA-7, F, LO=PIA.3, (1) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 15 What is meant by Survey in the SQ3R? a To survey, you must look through the outline, objectives, questions, and any other material the author has deemed important. Correct. Surveying does not require in depth analysis yet it must include the entire chapter. b To survey, you must read the chapter summary and try to memorize it. Incorrect. You do not read the chapter or any part of it prior to surveying. Reading comes later. c To survey, you must read the chapter first then look through the outline and objectives. d To survey, you must think of a question, then look through the material to find the answer. ANS: a, p. PIA-7, C, LO=PIA.3, (2) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 16 Alexis is surveying material using the SQ3R approach. If she uses this method correctly: a Alexis will realize that surveying is considered more important than actually reading the material. b It will take considerably more time but will be well worth it. Incorrect. If it is taking a great deal of time, then you are not properly surveying the material. c It should take only a couple of minutes. Correct. Surveying is actually a brief task to initially acquaint the student with the material. d It may or may not help, since surveying is the least effective aspect of the SQ3R. ANS: c, p. PIA-7, A, LO=PIA.3, (3) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 17 What is meant by “Questioning” in the SQ3R? a You should try to come up with a question after reading the heading of a particular section. Correct. Questioning occurs as you see a heading to a section. Students can also rely on pre-designed questions found throughout the chapter. b You should try to come up with questions for each section after fully reading the chapter. c You should come up with questions after reading the particular section. Incorrect. Questions are developed before reading the section, not afterwards. d You should try to develop questions before beginning any reading of the chapter so as to determine what might be important. ANS: a, p. PIA-7, C, LO=PIA.3, (1) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 18 Your best friend asks you what the purpose of “Questioning” is in the SQ3R. What is the best answer to your friend’s question? a By developing a question, you are searching for an answer while reading. Correct. Asking questions causes students to seek out answers as they read. The text even periodically supplies questions to help the student. b By developing a question after reading the chapter, you are actively learning the material by “becoming the teacher.” Incorrect. Developing questions so as to be an active learner is effective, but waiting until after you have read the material is not. c By developing a question, you are trying to think of content the author has not considered. d By developing a question, you prepare yourself for possible questions on the test. ANS: a, p. PIA-7, A, LO=PIA.3, (3) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 19 According to the SQ3R, when you “Read” material, you: a are quickly reviewing that which you will read in greater depth later. b are answering the question you posed to yourself earlier. c are trying to come up with a question to recite at a later time. d are wasting your time unless you read and re-read your material at least twice. ANS: b, p. PIA-7, F, LO=PIA.3, (1) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 20 Maya is using the SQ3R to help her study. What should she do when reading the text? a Maya should highlight material as she goes. b She should take notes of everything she reads. Incorrect. Taking notes by writing down everything defeats the purpose of the SQ3R. c Maya should take notes by making an outline of the main points and terms. Correct. Effective note taking should focus on terminology and the main points of the material. d She should read and re-read every paragraph before moving on. ANS: c, p. PIA-7, A, LO=PIA.3, (2) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 21 What does the section on SQ3R say about highlighting? a Highlighting only works if you use many different colored highlighters. b Highlighting only works if you highlight the definition as well as the term. c Highlighting only works if you highlight the example as well as the term and the definition. d Highlighting requires no real effort and shouldn’t be used. ANS: d, p. PIA-8, F, LO=PIA.3, (1) APA=5.1 22 According to one study in the chapter, how did students who wrote out notes after reading compare to students who simply highlighted material after reading? a Students who wrote out notes scored significantly higher on exams. Correct. Writing notes is an active means of learning. Highlighting is passive in nature and requires minimal cognitive effort. b Students who highlighted scored an average of one letter grade higher. c Students who did not read the text scored the same as those who did read the text. d Actually, taking notes and highlighting resulted in no difference. Incorrect. Students may believe that no difference in grades will occur, but in fact it does. ANS: a, p. PIA-8, F, LO=PIA.3, (2) APA=2.2; 5.1 23 What does the SQ3R say about “Reciting?” a You should recite the question out loud before reading each section. b You should recite the material out loud as you read it. c You should recite the material out loud in your own words when you finish the section. d You should recite the material out loud in your own words when you finish the chapter. ANS: c, p. PIA-8, F, LO=PIA.3, (1) APA=1.3; 5.1 24 What is the best way to use Reciting to your benefit? a Verbally explain a concept that you just learned to a friend. Correct. Having to explain a concept to a friend helps students realize the extent to which they truly understand the material. b Verbally read out loud your chapter whenever possible. Incorrect. Verbally speaking aloud the material whenever possible does not guarantee active learning. c Verbally recite your questions that you developed before starting a chapter. d Take the time to memorize what you have read so that you can recite it to yourself word for word during an exam. ANS: a, p. PIA-8, A, LO=PIA.3, (2) APA=5.1 25 According to the text and the SQ3R, when is the best time to recall or review material? a Once you have completed a sentence. b Once you have completed a section. c Once you have completed the chapter. d Once you have developed a question. ANS: c, p. PIA-8, F, LO=PIA.3, (1) APA=5.1 26 Tara has finished reading the chapter using the SQ3R method. What might she do to help her review the chapter? a Tara should take any of the practice quizzes found in the chapter. Correct. Practice quizzes are an excellent way to gauge how well one remembers what they have read. b She should read the first few pages of the chapter to see if she still remembers the material. Incorrect. Taking the chapter quizzes would be a more efficient way of determining the effectiveness of student memory. c Tara should try to write down as many concepts as she can remember without looking back in the chapter. d She should not review the material immediately because that can cause confusion and ultimately leads to forgetting. ANS: a, p. PIA-8, A, LO=PIA.3, (2) APA=1.3; 5.1 27 What is the fourth R that some researchers are adding to the SQ3R? a Relax b Relief c Realize d Reflect ANS: d, p. PIA-8, F, LO=PIA.3, (1) APA=1.3; 5.1 28 Some researchers are adding a fourth R to the SQ3R: Reflect. In this circumstance, what does Reflect mean? a To reflect means to try and think critically about what you have learned and how you can use it in your own life. Correct. Reflection allows the reader to visualize how the material can be put into action. b To reflect means to think about what the chapter has covered. Incorrect. Reflection is not as simple as focusing on recently read material. c To reflect means to try and understand why the author thought the material was important enough to include in the chapter. d To reflect means to think about what you have learned by quietly repeating the material to yourself, thus enhancing memory. ANS: a, p. PIA-8, C, LO=PIA.3, (2) APA=1.3; 5.1 29 Which of the following statements is true regarding PowerPoint slides? a They are as good as notes and should be distributed to students. b They are talking points but should still be distributed to students. c They are talking points only, and the really important information is often found in the instructor’s lecture. d They are, in effect, the actual lecture and should be relied upon whenever possible. ANS: c, p. PIA-9, C, LO=PIA.4, (1) APA=5.1 30 When taking notes while reading the chapter, you should: a write down as much as you possibly can straight from the text so as to avoid confusion. Incorrect. Attempting to write down all possible material is, by nature, confusing and detrimental. b write down the questions provided and then write down the answer provided. c write down the main points and vocabulary terms straight from the text to avoid confusion. d write down the main points and vocabulary terms in your own words. Correct. Writing in your own words is a form of active learning. Writing material verbatim requires minimal cognitive effort. ANS: d, p. PIA-9, C, LO=PIA.4, (2) APA=5.1 31 Writing notes in your own words instead of taking them straight from the text: a forces you to think about what you are reading. b slows the learning process and memory as well. c increases learning but only for visual learners. d increases learning but only for auditory learners. ANS: a, p. PIA-9, F, LO=PIA.4, (1) APA=5.1 32 What does the text say about taking notes during lecture without first having read the chapter? a Studies actually show that memory is more effective when actively writing down material heard for the first time. b Studies show that taking notes without first reading the chapter can be effective as long as you review your notes immediately after class. c Studies show that taking notes without first reading the chapter is still effective but only for auditory learners. d Not reading the chapter first is an extremely bad idea. ANS: d, p. PIA-9, F, LO=PIA.4, (1) APA=5.1 33 Why should you read the chapter first before coming to class? a You will know what is important and not important as you listen to the lecture. Correct. Students who have read information in advance can dissect its importance better than those who are only hearing it for the first time. b You only need to follow the PowerPoints instead of listening to the lecture. c You can highlight material and therefore not worry about the lecture. Incorrect. While some students highlight material as it is covered in lecture, the overall lecture still is an important part of the learning process. d Studies show that reading the material prior to coming to class does not increase learning or memory. ANS: a, p. PIA-9, C, LO=PIA.4, (2) APA=5.1 34 Hammond is doing poorly in his Introductory Psychology class. If he is going to take notes from lecture, what might he do? a He should listen to the entire lecture and then try to write down as many notes as he can remember. b He should work on taking notes like any other visual learner does during class. Incorrect. Taking notes alone will not automatically increase student performance. c He should ask the instructor if he can make a recording of the lecture and then write down notes from the tape later. Correct. Like the example at the beginning of the chapter, students can benefit from having an audio version of an instructor’s lecture. d He should take online classes. ANS: c, p. PIA-9, A, LO=PIA.4, (2) APA=5.1 Demonstrating Your Knowledge: Tests and Papers 35 What is the worst way to study for an exam? a cramming for the exam the night before b studying too far in advance, thus causing you to forget c studying lecture notes and notes taken while reading; this tends to confuse students when they study d studying with friends, as studies show they can confuse you more than assist you ANS: a, p. PIA-12, F, LO=PIA.5, (1) APA=5.1 36 Eduardo realizes that his Chemistry final is approaching fast. What is the worst thing he could do to prepare for the final? a wait until the night before to start his studying Correct. Cramming does not allow the necessary time for information to be processed into long-term memory. b start studying more than a week in advance, since this might cause him to forget important material c begin making flash cards; research suggests that flash cards should be made throughout the semester and not at the last minute d study with friends who use different study methods than Eduardo does, since research shows that this often results in confusion Incorrect. There is no research that shows studying with friends to be detrimental. ANS: a, p. PIA-12, A, LO=PIA.5, (2) APA=5.1 37 Which types of test questions sometimes work best with memorization? a applied test questions b factual test questions c conceptual test questions d essay questions ANS: b, p. PIA-12, C, LO=PIA.5, (2) APA=1.3; 5.1 38 Lisa is making an outline of her notes. She also has been rewriting both her lecture notes and her reading notes and making flash cards. What kind of test is Lisa probably preparing for? a an objective test filled with multiple-choice questions Incorrect. Objective tests are more definition-based and therefore do not emphasize these study methods as much. b a subjective test, such as an essay exam Correct. Studies show that all these preparation methods are best for subjective tests. c a true/false test d a fill-in-the blank test ANS: b, p. PIA-12, A, LO=PIA.5, (3) APA=1.3; 5.1 39 What is found at the end of each chapter that helps you to organize the key concepts, terms, and definitions you have read? a a practice quiz b a concept map c a general summary d a vocabulary list ANS: b, p. PIA-13, F, LO=PIA.5, (1) APA=1.3; 5.1 40 James is taking his final exam in Psychology today. What should he have for breakfast? a primarily carbohydrates b coffee or other stimulant c protein and a little carbohydrates Correct. A breakfast heavy in protein and light on carbohydrates is best for memory recall. d James should not eat breakfast, since hunger positively affects memory. Incorrect. Not eating breakfast has been shown to detract from memory recall. ANS: c, p. PIA-14, F, LO=PIA.5, (1) APA=1.3; 5.1 41 Regina is reviewing the chapter material by looking through the concept map. She finds that one part of the concept map is confusing. What should she do? a move on to other parts of the map and come back to that one later Incorrect. Moving on may be a good approach for testing, but is not proven to be a good approach for understanding concept maps. b review the material in that part of the chapter again Correct. Reviewing the concept map to assess if you remember what you read is an excellent approach. If you find you cannot recall information, then the best approach is to re-read that material in chapter again. c stay focused on the map until she understands it d take a 20-minute break and review the map again ANS: b, p. PIA-13, A, LO=PIA.5, (2) APA=5.1 42 Doug is taking his final exam and is stuck on a question. What should he do? a Take a deep breath and try again. Skipping questions causes anxiety. Incorrect. Skipping questions should not cause anxiety, especially if you realize that the answer may lie in some future question. b Go ahead and answer other test questions since they might serve as memory cues. Correct. Sometimes the answer to a question can be found in future questions. c Remain focused on the question, but try to rephrase it, since that is proven to help recall material. d Doug should take a guess, since your subconscious often influences your test taking. ANS: b, p. PIA-14, A, LO=PIA.5, (2) APA=5.1 Writing Papers; Planning Makes Perfect 43 What is the most common mistake for people writing term papers? a They do not make an outline of what the paper will focus on. b They try to make their first draft their final draft. c They try to organize the references before completing the final draft. d They choose a topic that is too broad. ANS: d, p. PIA-14, F, LO=PIA.6, (1) APA=4.1 44 Jeremy is gathering research for his paper. What sources of information should he be very careful when using? a Scientific journals. They tend to be confusing and not appropriate for anything other than graduate level research papers. Incorrect. Scientific journals can be scary, but they often have the best pure research available. b Libraries and librarians. They tend to recommend only material that they are comfortable with. c Encyclopedias and textbooks. Simply put, they are rarely a good source. d The Internet. Not everything found there is correctly written by true experts. Correct. The Internet is not highly controlled and people can revise and alter information rather easily. ANS: d, p. PIA-14, A, LO=PIA.6, (2) APA=2.2; 4.1 45 Hank has completed his research and decided on what he wants his paper to be about. Now that he is ready to start developing his paper, what should he do next? a Develop an outline of how the paper should go. Correct. Developing an outline gives the student a feeling of what the paper will address. b Begin writing his first draft. Incorrect. When you begin with a first draft, you can become lost as to where you should go with your paper. c Let it sit for a few days if possible. d Try to write your first draft as if it were your final draft. ANS: a, p. PIA-15, A, LO=PIA.6, (2) APA=4.1 46 If you are writing a research paper, what should you do to avoid plagiarizing someone else’s work? a Make sure you cite the source. That way you do not have to worry about writing it in your own words. Incorrect. Students often wrongly believe that if they quote a source, then they can take it word for word. b Make sure you explain the information that you are using in your own words and cite the source. Correct. Students should pay close attention to these guidelines. To do otherwise may cause unintentional plagiarism. c Citing your source is not necessary as long as you occasionally change a few words as you go. d Cite your sources only if you take a quote directly from someone else’s work. ANS: b, p. PIA-15, C, LO=PIA.6, (3) APA=4.1 Applying Psychology to Everyday Life: Strategies for Improving Your Memory 47 What is a mnemonic? a any method of increasing memory b any method used to help write a term paper c any method used to take better notes d any method other than using highlighters ANS: a, PIA-17, F, LO=PIA.7, (1) APA=1.1 48 What approach is a student using if they make a list of terms that they connect in some way so as to ultimately help them to remember those terms? a linking b peg-word method c method of loci d rhythmic organization ANS: a, p. PIA-17, F, LO=PIA.7, (1) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 49 Julia is 5 years old. Her mother helps her to learn her alphabet by teaching her to sing her ABC’s. What approach is she using? a linking b peg-word method c method of loci d rhythmic organization ANS: d, p. PIA-18, A, LO=PIA.7, (1) APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 TRUE/FALSE 1 The biggest mistake students make when reading their text is that they often read the material too slowly. F, p. PIA-6, LO=PIA.3 APA=5.1 2 Some people believe the SQ3R should include an additional R for Reflection. T, p. PIA-8, LO=PIA.3 APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 3 If you effectively read a chapter using the SQ3R method, you will not have to read the chapter again to remember the material. T, p. PIA-8, LO=PIA.3 APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 4 It is recommended that you take practice quizzes before reading the chapter. F, p. PIA-8, LO=PIA.3 APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 5 PowerPoint slides are as good as notes and should be distributed to students. F, p. PIA-9 LO=PIA.4 APA=5.1 6 The worst way to prepare for an exam is to try to cram the night before. T, p. PIA-12, LO=PIA.5 APA=5.1 7 Practice quizzes help to organize key concepts, terms and definitions. F, p. PIA-13, LO=PIA.5 APA=5.1 8 The most common mistake people make when writing term papers is choosing a topic that is too broad. T, p. PIA-14, LO=PIA.6 APA=4.1 9 It is recommended that you let your first draft of your research paper sit for a few days if possible before returning to it. T, p. PIA-15, LO=PIA.6 APA=4.1 SHORT ANSWER 1 What is a learning style? p. PIA-4, LO=PIA.1 APA=1.1 2 Choose one of the following methods of studying: Verbal Method, Visual Method, Auditory Method, or Action Method. Describe some of the techniques to successfully use this method. p. PIA-5, LO=PIA.1 APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 3 List and explain 3 good things to remember when preparing for an exam. p. PIA-11, LO=PIA.5 APA=1.3; 5.1 4 List the sources mentioned in the chapter that you might use in writing your term paper. Which are considered good sources? Which are not? Why? p. PIA-14, LO=PIA.6 APA=2.2; 4.1 5 What is a mnemonic strategy? Describe a one-type mnemonic strategy and explain how it is used. p. PIA-17, LO=PIA.7 APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 ESSAY 1 What is the SQ3R? Explain each component and give an example of how each step is applied. What would be the extension of this plan (perhaps called SQ4R)? p. PIA-7, LO=PIA.3 APA=1.1; 1.3; 5.1 2 Describe several effective strategies for managing one’s time as a college student. p. PIA-5, LO=PIA.2 APA=5.1, 5.2 1 The Science of Psychology Key: Answer, Page, Type, Learning Objective, Level, Learning Outcomes Type A=Applied C=Conceptual F=Factual Level (1)=Easy; (2)=Moderate; (3)=Difficult LO=Learning Objective p=page APA=Learning Outcomes MULTIPLE CHOICE What Is Psychology? Learning Objective 1.1 - What defines psychology as a field of study, and what are psychology’s four primary goals? 1. Which of these is the most accurate definition of the discipline of psychology? a) the scientific study of behavior b) the scientific study of mental processes c) the scientific study of behavior and mental processes Correct. The definition of psychology includes both behavior and mental processes and doesn’t exclude animals. d) the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes Incorrect. The definition of psychology includes also animal behavior and mental processes. ANS: c, p. 4, F, LO=1.1, (2) % correct 66 a= 2 b=1 c= 66 d= 32 r = .37 APA=1.1; 1.2 2. In the definition of psychology, the term mental processes refers to ________. a) internal, covert activities Correct. Mental activities are internal. b) outward behavior c) overt actions and reactions Incorrect. Overt means outward, not internal. d) only animal behavior ANS: a, p. 4, F, LO=1.1, (1) % correct 85 a= 85 b= 1 c= 13 d= 1 r = .39 APA=1.1; 1.2 3. Which topic would NOT be investigated by a psychologist if the definition of psychology were limited to “the science of behavior”? a) relation between grade-point average and salary b) thought processes students used while trying to answer this question Correct. This conforms to the definition of the internal, covert activity of our minds. c) how changes in the rate of television violence influence real-life violence d) effectiveness of several treatments for people who suffer from depression Incorrect. Investigation of treatments is not a mental process. ANS: b, p. 4, C, LO=1.1, (3) APA=1.1; 1.2 4. You are at a basketball game and the arena is packed; the crowd is evenly split between fans of the two teams. At one point, the referee makes a call. Half of the fans yell insults; the other half of the fans shout their approval. The event reminds you of the topic of today’s lecture in psychology class. What was the likely topic of the lecture? a) bias Correct. The fans are showing bias and this is an important issue. b) experiments Incorrect. The fans are really not part of any treatment groups. c) psychoanalysis d) extraneous variables ANS: a, p. 4, A, LO=1.1, (2) APA=1.2 5. Steve is a fan of the Los Angeles Lakers basketball team. With little provocation, he will engage you in a debate about whether it is the greatest team in basketball. Steve may be demonstrating ________. a) bias Correct. Steve’s loyalty to his team will influence his debate. b) critical thinking Incorrect. Critical thinking requires an open mind. c) an eclectic approach d) unconscious behavior ANS: a, p. 4, A, LO=1.1, (2) APA=1.2 6. The goals of psychology are to ________. a) explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind b) understand, compare, and analyze human behavior Incorrect. Human behavior is only one part of psychology. c) improve psychological well-being in all individuals from birth until death d) describe, explain, predict, and control behavior Correct. These adequately help uncover the mysteries of behavior. ANS: d, p. 4, F, LO=1.1, (2) % correct 40 a= 17 b=39 c= 3 d= 40 r = .35 % correct 96 a= 4 b= 0 c= 0 d= 96 r = .54 APA=1.1; 1.2 7. Mei was sent to the school psychologist to be tested. Based on her IQ scores, it was decided that she would do well in the gifted child program. This is an example of which goal of psychology? a) describing behavior b) explaining behavior Incorrect. Explaining focuses on why it is happening. c) predicting behavior Correct. Mei’s score served as a predictor (“would do well”) of performance. d) controlling behavior ANS: c, p. 5, A, LO=1.1, (1) % correct 76 a= 8 b= 7 c= 76 d= 9 r = .20 % correct 80 a= 6 b=5 c= 80 d= 9 r = .21 APA=1.2 8. In addition to describing and explaining mental processes and behavior, psychology also attempts to ________ these phenomena. a) predict and control Correct. These are two of the four goals of psychology. b) analyze and manipulate c) categorize and organize Incorrect. These are not mentioned by your authors as being goals of psychology. d) synthesize and regulate ANS: a, p. 5, C, LO=1.1, (1) % correct 89 a= 7 b= 89 c= 3 d= 2 r = .29 APA=1.2; 2.1 9. A psychologist is interested in finding out why identical twins have different personalities. This psychologist is most interested in the goal of ________. a) description Incorrect. “Why” does not describe; it explains. b) explanation Correct. “Why” asks for an explanation. c) prediction d) control ANS: b, p. 5, A, LO=1.1, (1) % correct 92 a= 2 b= 92 c= 4 d= 2 r = .24 APA=1.2; 2.1 10. A teacher tells the school psychologist that Kate is late to class, does not turn in her homework, squirms around a lot in her seat, and swings her feet constantly. This is an example of which goal of psychology? a) describing behavior Correct. We only know WHAT she is doing. b) explaining behavior Incorrect. Explaining focuses on why it is happening, not what is happening. c) predicting behavior d) controlling behavior ANS: a, p. 5, A, LO=1.1, (1) % correct 85 a= 85 b= 14 c= 0 d= 0 r = .34 APA=1.2; 2.1 11. The question “What is happening?” refers to which of the following goals in psychology? a) description Correct. Asking “what” means asking for a description. b) explanation Incorrect. Explanation goes beyond “what.” c) prediction d) control ANS: a, p. 5, C, LO=1.1, (2) % correct 64 a= 64 b= 28 c= 8 d= 1 r = .21 APA=1.2; 2.1 12. The question “Why is it happening?” refers to which of the following goals in psychology? a) description Incorrect. Describing does not answer the question why. b) explanation Correct. Asking “why” calls for an explanation. c) prediction d) control ANS: b, p. 5, C, LO=1.1, (1) % correct 90 a= 6 b= 90 c= 4 d= 0 r = .20 APA=1.2; 2.1 13. The question “When will it happen again?” refers to which of the following goals in psychology? a) description b) explanation Incorrect. Explanation deals with the present. c) prediction Correct. Prediction deals with future events. d) control ANS: c, p. 5, C, LO=1.1, (1) % correct 92 a= 0 b= 4 c= 92 d= 4 r = .36 APA=1.2; 2.1 14. The question “How can it be changed?” refers to which of the following goals in psychology? a) description b) explanation Incorrect. Explanation deals with the present, while control deals with the future. c) prediction d) control Correct. Control deals with changing future events. ANS: d p. 5, C, LO=1.1, (1) APA=1.2; 2.1 15. Psychologists who give potential employees tests that determine what kind of job those employees might best perform are interested in the goal of ________. a) description b) explanation Incorrect. The test is predicting, not explaining. c) prediction Correct. The test predicts behavior. d) control ANS: c, p. 5, A, LO=1.1, (1) % correct 83 a= 7 b=41 c= 83 d= 7 r = .29 APA=1.2; 2.1 Psychology Then: The History of Psychology Learning Objective 1.2 - Who were some of the earlier pioneers in psychology and how did structuralism and functionalism differ? 16. The general curiosity about why people think, feel, and behave the way they do: a) primarily happened after World War II. b) is about a century old. c) is several centuries old. Incorrect. These curiosities are probably much older than centuries, and have always been with us. d) has always probably been with us. Correct. As your authors note, these questions have been pondered in some way or another since we’ve been around. ANS: d, p. 6, F, LO=1.2, (1) APA=1.2 17. In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was overseen by ________. a) William James b) William Tell c) Wilhelm Wundt Correct. Wundt supervised the first psychological laboratory. d) Sigmund Freud Incorrect. Freud’s theory came later, and he had no lab. ANS: c, p. 6, F, LO=1.2, (1) % correct 88 a= 7 b= 1 c= 88 d= 4 r = .23 % correct 100 a= 0 b= 0 c= 100 d= 0 r = .00 APA=1.2 18. Participants in research early in psychology’s history might have been asked to view a chair and describe its color, shape, and texture and other aspects of their conscious experience. These individuals would have been using a method called ________. a) hypnosis b) objective introspection Correct. In introspection, you describe your conscious thoughts. c) psychosurgery d) psychoanalysis Incorrect. Psychoanalysis was not concerned with these issues. ANS: b, p. 6, C, LO=1.2, (2) APA=1.2 19. Objective introspection requires: a) metaphysical experiences. b) self-skepticism about experiences. c) empiricism. Incorrect. Empiricism refers to using collected data to support a hypothesis. It is not related to the concept of introspection. d) reflection on the self. Correct. Remember that introspection literally means “looking within.” ANS: d, p. 6, F, LO=1.2, (1) APA=1.2 20. At the close of the nineteenth century, Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt. It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to ________. a) analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements Correct. Wundt trained his students to detect the basic elements of human consciousness. b) determine the function or purpose of a particular human behavior Incorrect. Wundt was not a functionalist. c) listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness d) carefully feel the bumps on a person’s head in order to determine his or her character traits ANS: a, p. 7, A, LO=1.2, (2) APA=1.2 21. The school of psychology called structuralism used a technique called ________, which involved reporting the contents of consciousness to study a person’s experiences. a) intervention Incorrect. Intervention has a totally different meaning than introspection, even though it looks similar. b) introspection Correct. This requires self-examination of the structure of the mind. c) insight inventory d) induction ANS: b, p. 7, F, LO=1.2, (1) % correct 96 a= 0 b= 96 c= 4 d= 0 r = .24 % correct 92 a= 1 b= 92 c= 3 d= 4 r = .29 APA=1.2 22. What is the best analogy for Wundt’s and Titchener’s mission for psychology? a) a chart listing the basic chemical elements Correct. They wanted to break down the mind into basic elements. b) a list of the courses required for graduation c) a list of the types of clothing sold at a retail outlet d) a computer program for word processing a term paper Incorrect. A computer program does not have basic elements. ANS: a, p. 7, C, LO=1.2, (3) APA=1.2 23. Which of the following terms do NOT belong together? a) structuralism; observable behavior Correct. Structuralism focuses on introspection, which is not observable. b) Gestalt; whole c) psychoanalysis; unconscious conflict Incorrect. These terms do belong together. d) natural selection; functionalism ANS: a, pp. 7 & 10, C, LO=1.2–1.3, (2) APA=1.2 24. The structuralists were important in the history of psychology because they: a) examined consciousness and the structure of mental processes. Correct. The structuralists were interested in understanding the basic structure of human consciousness. b) were the first to use brain-scanning techniques to learn about the structure of the brain. c) realized the limits of introspection and focused on the structure of behaviors. d) were strongly influenced by Charles Darwin. Incorrect. This would be a statement applicable to the functionalists, not the structuralists. ANS: a, p. 7, C, LO=1.2, (2) APA=1.2 25. Why was the perspective followed by Wilhelm Wundt and his followers called structuralism? a) They wanted to identify the major brain structures