Psychology Test Bank

Participants may be exposed to risk or discomfort during research only when minimal risk and discomfort are outweighed by the benefit to the knowledge base and to human welfare. Cognitive psychologists are primarily interested in studying memory, thinking, learning, and other mental processes. Animals are used in psychological research because all of these reasons apply. Participants may be exposed to risk or discomfort during research only when minimal risk and discomfort are outweighed by the benefit to the knowledge base and to human welfare. A type of reflection involving the support of beliefs through scientific explanation and observation is called __________ thinking. critical Which of the following is the best description of the field of psychology? the scientific study of overt behavior and mental processes When newspaper or magazine articles claim the effectiveness of some product or service, it is wise to consider the source of the information. A commonsense approach to psychology is often contradicted by scientific observation. Regarding astrology, which of the following statements is TRUE? The basic underpinnings of astrology have remained relatively unchanged since its invention several thousand years ago. Which of the following psychologists wrote an influential book on animal behavior, titled The Animal Mind, and was also the first woman to be awarded a Ph.D. in psychology? Margaret Washburn Which of the following is an example of random selection? Winning numbers in the lottery Scientific psychology is empirical because it relies on information from research studies. Which of the following best describes the mind? the brain and its activities A psychologist might know more about what's going on in your mind than you do because objective scientific methods are more accurate than the subjective technique of introspection. In her dissertation research, a graduate student finds a correlation of +0.95 between two of the variables being studied. How should she interpret this correlation coefficient? The variables have a strong, positive relationship. A researcher studying sleep deprivation finds that as the amount of sleep decreases, there is a proportional decrease in one's immune system. This illustrates a __________ correlation. Positive The prediction that "bright colors will make people happier" is called a(n) hypothesis. In an experiment, the people whose behavior is investigated are characterized by all of these. When Professor Levi cannot find the textbook that he left on his office desk, he immediately goes to his supervisor and suggests that the night custodian must have stolen the textbook. "I know that he can sell it online and make a profit," Professor Levi says. In response, his supervisor reaches over to her shelf, picks up the book, and hands it back to Professor Levi. "I needed to borrow the book, but you weren't here. I didn't think you'd mind," she says. Professor Levi's behavior demonstrates a failure to consider which suggestion that is important in developing information literacy? considering alternative explanations for a given event An example of "researcher bias" would be a situation in which the experimenter unknowingly hints to subjects what is expected of them. A psychologist blindfolds a subject and then places the subject's hand into a dish of water. The psychologist asks the subject to report whether his hand feels colder or warmer than before being placed in the water. Which of the following psychologists was most likely to have conducted this study? Wilhelm Wundt Skinner's contribution to behaviorism lies in his insistence that one's actions are controlled by rewards and punishments. Psychologists in which of the following subfields would be most interested in researching changes in human behavioral, emotional, and mental processes over time? Developmental psychology As gas prices increase, we see a decline in the number of travelers on the highway. This is an example of a __________ correlation. Negative The cognitive unconscious is the part of the mind of which we are subjectively unaware and that is not open to introspection. Which research method involves questioning a group of people? survey method Which of the following presents an ethical problem in psychological research?