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Final exam study notes Intro to Information Technology (BTM200)
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- Concordia University ( )
Organized, rephrased, easy to understand, full study of the semester
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Finals BTM 200Finals BTM 200 1
Week #1: Introduction & Ethics 3
Week #2: Computer Parts 4
4.1 Microchips, Miniaturization & Mobility 4
4.2 Representing Data Electronically 4
4.3 Inside the System Unit 6
4.4 Central Processing Units & Machine cycle 6
4.5 Memory 8
4.6 Expansion Cards, Bus Lines & Ports 9
4.7 Secondary Storage 10
4.8 Future Developments in Processing and Storage 12
Week #3: Hardware Input & Output 12
5.1 Keyboards 12
5.2 Pointing Devices 13
5.3 Sources Data-Entry Devices 14
5.4 The Future of Inputs 14
5.6 Hardcopy Output 15
5.7 Mixed Output: Sound, Voice & Video 15
5.8 The future of Outputs 16
5.9 Quality of Life 16
Week #3: Software 16
3.1 The Operating System (OS) 17
3.2 Other system Software 19
3.3 Common features of the users Interface 19
3.4 Common Operating Systems 20
Week #4: Application Software 21
3.6 Data, Files & Programs 22
3.7 Processing Word Software 23
3.8 Spreadsheet Programs 23
3.9 Database Software 24
3.10 Software suites & Integrated Packages 24
3.11 Speciality Application Softwares 25
Week #5: Communication, Networks & Cuberthreaths 26
6.2 Networks 26
6.3 Wired Communication Media 29
6.4 Wireless Communication Media 29
6.5 Cyber Intruders 31
6.6 Cyberattacks & Malware 31
Week #6: Assessing Hardware and Software 33
Week #7: Security 35
9.1 Security Issues 35
9.2 Security Safeguards 36
9.3 Privacy and Surveillance 37
1
,Week #1: Introduction & Ethics
Issues With Technology:
1. Intellectual rights 2. Computer Abuse
- Patent infringement - Expose personally
- Copyright infringement identifiable Information (PPI)
- Trade secrets - Modify website of another
- Confidential information - Share copyright information
- Spy on company information
- Gain unauthorized access
Définitions:
Morals = Right and wrong
Relativism = no universal moral truth, dictated by culture and customs
Divine command = god all-knowing sets morals and ethical standards
Utilitarianism = greater good better than individual good, the outcome of actions judged
Virtue = morals are found within a person (volunteer vs. court-ordered)
Duty-based deontology = adopting a lifestyle that suits moral duties (freedom speech)
Unethical / Immoral behaviour = lack awareness or mean (Not illegal)
Whistleblower = illegal activity
Sources of personal Ethics:
A. Religion
B. Family
C. Experience
D. Teachers
E. Friends
F. Reflection
2
,Week #2: Computer Parts
Circuit = closed path capable of being followed by electric current (Flow of electrons with
transistors)
4.1 Microchips, Miniaturization & Mobility
Transistor = tiny electronic switch (Turned on/off millions of times per second)
Integrated circuit = all parts on a single silicon chip, transistor is in this circuit (Solid state)
Silicon = semiconductor = Material with medium/intermediate electrical properties
- Perfect underlayer for highly conductive circuits
- Microchips and microprocessors are made of semiconductors like silicon
Chip = tiny piece of silicon-containing millions of microminiature integrated electronic circuit
CPU = Central processing unit
Minuturalization: Enables small electronic devices
- Microchip: Stores and process data in electronic devices
- Microprocessors: Miniaturized circuit of the entire computer on chip, contains
central processing unit (CPU) that processes data and info
System Unit:
A case that contains a computer’s electronic components used to process data
A. PC (Tower or desktop, the monitor is separate)
B. Laptops (Monitor attached to system unit like clamshell)
C. Tablets (Include touch screen surface)
D. Smartphones (Handheld system)
4.2 Representing Data Electronically
Binary system: Basic data representation method for computers. Uses zero and one
representing on/off states electricity & light pulses
3
, Measuring Capacities:
Bit = 0 or 1
Byte = group of 8 bits (One character/digit)
Kilobyte = 1000 bytes (1024)
Megabyte = 1 million bytes ( 1 048 576)
Gigabyte =1 billion bytes
Terabyte = 1 trillion bytes
Petabyte = 1 quadrillion bytes
Exabyte = 1 quintillion bytes
Binary coding schemes Assigned a unique binary code to each character:
ASCII (American standard code for Unicode EBCDIC (Extended binary coded
Information Interchange) decimal interchange code)
-requires 7-8 bits per character -Requires 16 bits per character -Requires 8 bit per character
-Commonly used for microcomputers -Used in Japan and China -Used for IBM mainframes
-Extended ASCII provides 256 -Handles 65 536 characters
characters
Machine Language:
Computer’s “Native language”
● A binary type programming language (0 & 1)built into the CPU
● Each CPU type has its own machine language (Brand dependent)
Language Translators: Computer system software converts higher-level language instruction
and data into machine language so the processor can understand what to do.
4.3 Inside the System Unit
Bay= opening in the computer cabinet, used for the installation of electrical equipment
Power supply = Converts AC into DC to cun computer
Surge protector = protects computer from being damaged by power spikes
UPS (Uninterruptible power supply) = battery operated (Génératrice)
Motherboard = main system board of the computer
Microprocessor = mini circuitry of the computer processor
chipset = group of interconnected chips on the motherboard, control inflow between
microprocessor and other components connected to the motherboard.
4
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