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AQA History A-level Breadth Study Part one: consolidation of the Tudor Dynasty: England, 1485–1547 : Henry VII CA$6.50   Add to cart
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AQA History A-level Breadth Study Part one: consolidation of the Tudor Dynasty: England, 1485–1547 : Henry VII

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  • Course
  • Breadth study
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These notes cover the following topics: - Henry VII and the Consolidation of Power - HENRY VII’S GOVERNMENT - Foreign Policy - ENGLAND IN 1485 -Agriculture in The English Economy In The Years 1485 To 1509 essay plan

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  • January 18, 2022
  • 30
  • 2018/2019
  • Other
  • Unknown

Subjects

  • henryvii
  • tudors
  • aqa history
  • a level
  • essay
  • foreignpolicy
  • government
  • england
  • history
  • notes

Written for

  • A/AS Level
  • AQA
  • History
  • Breadth study
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Henry VII and the Consolidation of Power

Background of Henry Tudor:
POLYDORE VERGIL:
 Stature = tall + strong + v attractive +
had wise spirit
 Very brave & resolute

 He was greedy and guilty of avarice in
later life
 He could be harsh to subjects who gave
him only promises rather than delivering
on his commands

WHY WAS HIS CLAIM WEAK:
1. Some had better claims to the throne:
Strongest claim o Edward, Earl of Warwick
o John, Earl of Lincoln
o Edmund, Earl of Suffolk
o Richard (d.1525
Weakest Claim o Elizabeth of York – Henry
later married her
o Elizabeth (younger sister of Richard III
2. Henry’s claim to the throne is on the female side only through third marriage of John of
Gaunt
 Claim through mother Margaret Beaufort = direct descendant of Edward III through
marriage of 3rd son John of Gaunt (Margaret’s Great Grandfather)
 BUT weak because John of Gaunt + Catherine Swynford not married when John
Beaufort (Margaret’s Grandfather) was born  illegitimacy
3. He is fourth cousin, once removed from Richard III
BUT
 Also had claim through father’s side
o Grandmother Catherine had been married to King Henry V before she married
Owen Tudor, his grandfather
o Meant H’s father + brother = ½ brothers to Henry VI + had been made Earls

CHILDHOOD:
 Father = Edmund Tudor, Earl of Richmond (died few months before H’s birth)
 H became main Lancastrian claimant to throne so uncle Jasper took H to safety in France
 Next 14 yrs spent in Brittany
 King Edward IV made attempts to persuade French King to hand H over but failed

,The Seizure Of Power
IN ENGLAND:
 Edward VI died, brother Richard meant to become regent ruling on behalf of Edward’s sons
but proclaimed himself king
 Princes put in Tower + ‘disappeared’
 Discontent followed + rebellions (1 by Duke of Buckingham) weakened R’s authority
o H saw chance to attack

WHAT FINALLY PERSUADED HENRY TO ATTACK:
 Built up support in Paris + had support from experienced + influential men e.g. Earl of
Oxford + Jasper Tudor, others had gov experience
 Richard’s son died leaving no direct heir + wife died so rumoured he would try to marry
niece Elizabeth of York
 H received financial support from French King Charles VIII
o Aim = distract Richard III from aiding Duke of Brittany, Charles could integrate
territory as part of France

BATTLE OF BOSWORTH AUGUST 1485:
 H landed near Pembroke, Wales + marched north then east towards English border
 Gained support of Rhys ap Thomas (1 of most powerful landowners in Wales)
 Gained further support (5,000) as he travelled but still had fewer soldiers than Richard III
 Forces met at Bosworth Field near Leicester
Positioning:
 Richard had the best position on the battlefield -> lots of height
Why did Henry win:
 He gained support from Sir William Stanley (had 4,000 men)
 Duke of Norfolk killed early
 Stanley’s joined H late but caught Richard by surprise and he was killed



Establishing the Tudor Dynasty:

Henry was extremely insecure at first as there were several threats.
YORKIST CLAIMANTS + SUPPORTERS
 John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln
o Nephew of Edward IV + Richard III
o Designated successor of Richard III
o Regarded as the Yorkist leader after Bosworth
 Edward, Earl of Warwick
o Nephew of Edward IV + Richard III
o Imprisoned in Tower of London 1485 aged 10
o Beheaded for alleged conspiracy 1499
 Yorkist supporters = Lovell + the Stafford’s + Margaret of Burgundy

PRETENDERS
 Perkin Warbeck + Lambert Simnel

MARGARET OF BURGUNDY
o MofB = sister of Edward IV + Richard III
o Able + willing to fund Yorkist ambitions

, INITIAL PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS:
1. Henry was in exile in Britany -> he was unknown but needed subjects to see him as new ruler
Solutions:
 Had a glorious coronation 1485 after winning Bosworth
 March 1486 -> set off on greatest ever Tudor royal progress, allowed Henry to demonstrate
power +opportunity for subjects to show loyalty to him as new king

2. Needed to ensure no outsiders challenged the succession of the Tudor line after he died
Solutions:
 Arthur born 1486 + Elizabeth gave birth to 3 more children (Margaret, Henry, Mary)

3. Wanted to gain support of Yorkists
Solutions:
 Asked for papal dispensation to marry Elizabeth of York -> fulfilled marriage promise (1483)
proposed by Margaret Beaufort + united rival houses

4. Deeply suspicious in governing class of his country
Solutions:
 Reconstructed Privy council + Royal Household
 Chose leading members of new gov from 3 groups -> those who helped him in Brittany +
France, those who supported him at Bosworth + those who participated in revolts against
Richard III
 Rewarded loyal people with land + offices
 Nobility swore oath of loyalty to the king at coronation that couldn’t be broken

5. Didn’t want people to think he owed crown to new wife
Solutions:
 Married Elizabeth 5 months after winning battle

6. Didn’t want people to think Parliament created him king
Solutions:
 Arranged 1st parliament Nov 7th, week after coronation

7. Wanted to persuade people he had a Divine Right to be King
 Appealed for papal conformation of his title from Pope Innocent VIII
 Also secured obedience from clergy (powerful through land)

8. Get rid of stronger claimants:
Solutions:
 Imprisoned Earl of Warwick (nephew of Richard III)
 John de la Pole kept close to the king -> member of council once he professed loyalty

9. Wanted to punish those who supported Richard III at battle
Solutions:
 Backdated start of reign to day before battle -> supporters = traitors through Acts of
Attainder (convicted of all property)

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