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ati-teas-6-all-sections-prep-everything-you-need-100-guarantee S - The Marketplace to Buy and Sell your Study Material Downloaded by: beststudy | Distribution of this document is illegal ATI TEAS 6 ALL SECTIONS PREP: EVERYTHING YOU NEED (100% Guarantee) ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY Anatomy: is what ...

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ATI TEAS 6 ALL SECTIONS PREP: EVERYTHING YOU NEED (100% Guarantee)


ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY


Anatomy: is what you see with your eyes in the human body.


Microscopic Anatomy: examines cells and molecules.
 Cytology: study of cells.
 Histology: study of tissues.


Physiology: is the study of functions of anatomical structures.


*Smallest living is a CELL.
*Smallest organisms is a ATOM.




Levels of Hierarchy


Atom- the most basic complete unit of an element.


Molecule- a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a
chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.


Organelles- are cells parts that function within a cell.


Cells- the basic structural unit of an organism from which living things created. Is one individual
cell.


Tissues- a group of cells with similar structure that functions together as a unit, but at a lower
level than organs.




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,Organ- a self contained part of an organism that performs specific functions. Is formed by two
or more similar tissues.


Organ System- functional groups of organs that work together within the body: circulatory,
integumentary, skeletal, reproductive, digestive, urinary, respiratory, endocrine, lymphatic,
muscular and nervous.
 Humans have 11 Organ Systems.


Cells Structure
 Nucleus- holds the cells DNA in form of chromatin
 Ribosomes- small structures that build proteins “amino acids”.
 Golgi Apparatus- modifies and packages proteins secreted from cell.
 Vacuoles- storage, digestion and waste removal.
 Cytoskeletal- series of rod shaped proteins that provide shape/support cell.
 Microtubules- part of the cytoskeletal.
 Cytosol- liquid material in cell.
 Cell membrane- separate internal and external cellular environment allows material to
enter and exit cell.
 Endoplasmic Reticulum- smooth or rough transport system of the cell.
 Mitochondria- generates ATP powerhouse of the cell. ATP production is called
cellular respiration


Animal Cells


Centrosome- pairs of centrioles involved in mitosis.


Centriole- cylinders involved in cellular division.


Lysosomes- the purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to digest food or
break down the cell when it dies.

,Cilia- cause cell to move.


Flagella- whip tail to move cell.


TISSUES:
 Group of CELLS.
 Muscle, Nerve, Epithelial, Connective.
1. Epithelial: (joined together tightly) Example. Skin
2. Connective: (dense, loose, or fatty) Example. Tissue, Cartilage, Tendons, Ligaments,
Fat, Blood, Lymph.
 It protects and binds body parts.
a. Cartilage: cushions and provides structural support
 Fibrous
b. Blood: transport oxygen to cells and removes waste. Also carries hormones and
defends against disease.
c. Bone: (hard) produces red blood cells
3. Muscle: supports and move body
 Smooth
 Cardiac
 Skeletal
4. Nervous: Example. Brain, spinal cord, and nerves.
 Neurons: control responses to changes in environment.


Mitosis - it has 4 phases. Pink MAT / Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase


Interphase - Cell prepares for division by replicating genetic/cytoplasmic material.


Prophase - Chromatin thickens into chromosomes and the nuclear membrane begins to
disintegrate. Pairs of centrioles move to opposite sides of cell and spindle fibers form.

, Metaphase - Spindle moves to center of cell and chromosome pairs align along center of spindle
structure.


Anaphase - Chromosome pairs pull apart into daughter chromosomes.


Telophase - Spindle disintegrates, nuclear membrane reforms or is pinched.


Cytokinesis - Physical splitting of cell.


Meiosis- same as mitosis except happens twice, results in four daughter cells instead of two.
Mature haploid male and female germ cell uniting in sexual reproduction.
 Gametes in female = Egg
 Gametes in Male = Sperm
 Meiosis is when gametes produce a zygote.


Zygote: controls cell differentiation. It forms during fertilization. The cells from each parent that
combine to form a zygote are called gametes. Zygote is the first stage of reproduction.


1. Respiratory System
 main functions are the critical tasks of transporting oxygen from the atmosphere into the
body’s cell and moving carbon dioxide in the other direction.


Nasal Cavity - air passage that warms, moistens, and filters air, and also contains olfactory
receptors. Medially divided by the nasal septum.


External Nares - the visible ‘nostrils’ that are the entrances into the nasal cavity


The Larynx - air passage that connects the pharynx to the trachea, composed of individual
cartilages, mostly hyaline. Commonly called the voice box for its additional function of voice
production.

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