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Biol184 Animals Notes

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Biol184 Animals Notes

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  • February 9, 2022
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  • 2021/2022
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  • Gregory beaulieu
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paytonbraun
Bio 184 Animals Notes
Cambrian Explosion

 505 mya
 Lots of new species – mostly bilaterians
 Fossil evidence in Burgess Shale, BC
 65 million years later – mass extinction of earlier life due to natural selection
1. Rise in atmospheric oxygen
 Would help some species and hurt some
2. Homeotic genes evolved
 Homeotic gene – regulate body plan
3. New predator prey relationships
 New adaptations to attack or defend
 Avg life span of species = 1 million years
 Humans been around 100,000-200,000 years
 99% of all life extinct



Animal features
1) Multicellular
2) No cell walls
3) Collagen – structural support
4) Nutrition – ingest all food
 Different from plants (ps) and fungi (absorption)
5) Homeotic genes – regulate development and position of body parts
6) Diploid dominant lifecycle
 Zygote – cleavage (mitosis) to 8 cells then to form blastula
 Blastula – hollow ball of cells (cavity called blastocoel)
 Gastrulation – one end of embryo folds inwards, expands and fills blastocoel
 Archenteron – pouch formed from gastrulation
 Pouch opens to outside via blastopore
 Endoderm – walls of archenteron
 Ectoderm – outside layer
7) Body plan
1. Symmetry

Radial Bilateral
Sides Oral, aboral Dorsal, ventral, anterior,
posterior, left, right
Blastic Diploblastic(no mesoderm) Triploblastic
Movement Sessile or drifting Move actively
Cephalization No Yes
e.g. Cniderians and comb jellies Everyone else

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