Class notes
Human Anatomy and Physiology - Respiratory System
- Course
- Institution
This includes organized and clean basic functions and structures of the respiratory system notes.
[Show more]
Seller
Follow
katherinegraceayuban
Content preview
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM - mucus-coated surfaces- traps & preventinhaled particles.
The cardiovascular & respiratory systems
Palate– partition (nasal cavity /oral cavity)
share responsibility for supplying the body
• Hard Palate- bone; supports
with oxygen and disposing of carbon dioxide. palate anteriorly
The respiratory system organs oversee the • Soft Palate- unsupported
gas exchanges that occur between the blood posterior part
and the external environment. Paranasal Sinuses
Made up of the conducting passageways • surrounds the nasal cavity
(conducting zone) (purify, humidify, and a) frontal
warm incoming air to the lungs) and the b) sphenoidal
lungs. (respiratory zone) c) ethmoid
d) maxillary bones
Organs of the Respiratory System • lighten the skull
• speech (resonance chambers)
• produce mucus
Nasolacrimal Duct
• drains tears from eyes; empty into the
nasal cavities.
2. Pharynx (throat)
- musculomembranous tube
- acts as a passage between nose & larynx
1. Nose for air
-only externally visible part - between mouth & esophagus for food
Nasal Septum
-divides nasal cavity midline Consist 3 parts (Pharynx):
Nostrils, or Nares a. Nasopharynx
-passageway of air that enters the nose
- Passage for air
during breathing.
- Adenoid (pharyngeal tonsil) -lymphoid
Nasal Cavity
tissue
-interior of the nose.
- Eustachian tube (Pharyngotympanic)-
extends from middle ear - equalize
atmospheric pressure
b. Oropharynx
- Passage for air & food; behind the mouth
- Palatine tonsils (2) - lateral wall of
oropharynx (end of soft palate)
* Olfactory receptors - Lingual tonsils (2) - base of tongue
- For the sense of smell c. Laryngopharynx
Respiratory Mucosa - Opens anteriorly into larynx &
- Lines the nasal cavity posteriorly into esophagus
Thin walled veins
- Warms air 3. Larynx (voice box)
Sticky mucus passage between pharynx & trachea
-
- moistens the air & traps bacteria.
- eight rigid hyaline cartilages &
Cilia
- a spoon-shaped flap of elastic
ciliated cells - moves contaminated mucus
cartilage(epiglottis)
posteriorly toward the throat
- Contains vocal cords to produce sound
ciliary action - extreme cold; sluggish
, 5. Main Bronchi
- right & left main (primary) bronchi -
division of the trachea
- medical depression (hilum)
*Right Main Bronchus
- wider, shorter, & straighter than the left.
- site for lodged foreign object
* Air (when reaches the bronchi)
- warm, clean& humidified
- smaller subdivisions of main bronchi -
Glottis
direct routes to air sacs.
- slit like passageway
between vocal folds.
6. Lungs
- occupies entire thoracic cavity
Epiglottis
- Mediastinum
- “guardian of the
- Apex – narrow superior portion; deep to
airways”
the clavicle
- Base- broad area resting on the
Thyroid Cartilage
diaphragm
- largest hyaline cartilages (shield-shape)
- divided into lobes by fissures
- Adam’s apple.
o left lung - 2 lobes
*Cough Reflex o right - 3 lobes
- expel substance & prevent it from
continuing into the lungs.
- Conscious reflex (a person cannot cough
when asleep)
4. Trachea (windpipe)
- 10-12 cm (4 inches)
- 5th thoracic vertebrae, approx. midchest.
- C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage
Double purpose:
o The open parts of the rings about the
esophagus and allow it to expand
anteriorly when we swallow a large piece Pulmonary, or visceral pleura
of food. o Covers lung surface.
o The solid portions support the trachea Parietal Pleura
walls & keep it patent, or open, in spite o Lines the walls of thoracic cavity.
of the pressure changes that occur Pleural Membranes
during breathing. o Produce pleural fluid (lungs glide
- Trachealis muscle - abuts the esophagus over thorax wall during breathing)
- Ciliary movement - opposite the incoming Bronchial, or Respiratory Tree
air. (Trachea is lined with a ciliated - branching & rebranching of
mucosa) respiratory passageways
Bronchioles
*Smoking inhibits ciliary activity and destroys - smallest of the conducting
the cilia. Without these cilia, coughing is the passageways
only means of preventing mucus from Terminal Bronchioles
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller katherinegraceayuban. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for CA$10.64. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
81849 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now