Summary
Summary History IB- Paper 2- Authoritatian Leaders- Stalin-Social Policies.
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Ib history (hl,sl), paper 2/3, authoritarian leaders, Stalin and USSR, Social Policies
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WOMENSoviet government had tried to liberate women, established equality between the genders and
descunstract the idea of the traditional family. Feminist leaders pushed hard for this but Lenin's views
were more conservative. Reforms included: free contraceptive advice , legalization of abortion, and
Before 1926
easier ways to divorce. Common law marriagees now had the same rights as registered marriages,
raised the mininum age of marriage from 16 to 18, bride money was banned. Organized the khudzum
to mobilise women who oppose traditional values.
In fear of the war Stalin started encouraging traditional family values to increase population, and
also banned abortion. New law established making divorce more difficult, charging a fee. Only
Under registered marriages counted, and children born outside from those marriages could not inherit
Stalin property. Medals were awarded to mothers with large families and unmarried people were taxed
more heavily. Women did benefit form Stalin's wellfare reforms, free health service, accident
insurance at work, expansion of kindergarden for working mothers and paid hollidays for workers.
Women were activley encouraged to play their part in the economic development of Soviet Russia, all
Employmen
employment was thrown open to women. Women made up most of the doctors and engineers and a
t benefits
third of the industrial workforce.
Many women were considerd hero workers and women of all ages were encouraged to work. Still most
Women
of the postitions of power were held by men. Despite being seen as equal under the law and opening
overview
new job posibilities for women, th 1930's were a step back. Many of the reforms made in 1920's were
1930´s
modified at the expense of women in order to increase the population.
RELIGION -
The national church had been the Russian Orthodox Church, however, it then started the religion
freedom as the Bolshevik's did not see it as a threat, although they, as registration of birth and
Before 1924
marriges became more on the legal side and by 1921 it was banned to froce religion to those under 18
and anti-religious campaigns were aloud.
, By 1927 the Russian Orthodox Church was granted official recognition as long as it did not
intervene on politics and be loyal to the Soviet regime. But in 1928 Stalin begun an anti religious
campaign with the closedown of places with religious worship and had used materials for industry such as
bells for metal. By 1929, worship was restricted to registered congregation and pro religious
Under
propaganda was now ilegal. By 1930, church leaders could not hold religious services and
Stalin 1924-
priests would be killed or sent to the Gulag. In 1932 the 'uninterrupted work week' began to
1941
stop attendance to church. The anti religion movement covered Buddhism, Armenian and
Georgian Churches and Islam. In 1936, constitution prests regained the right to vote, but in
1937, the Orthodox Church was recognized but 50 bishops were killed or imprisoned for
counter-revolutionary activities.
During the second world war Stalin removed many restrictions of the Orthodox Church. In
1943, the head of the Russian Orthodox Church was re-established as a symbol of of Soviet
Under
Patriotism after disappearing in 1925. By 1944, when soviet victory seemed certain, Stalin begun
Stalin 1942-
anti-religious propaganda, meaning that persecution of catholics and protestants kept
53
ongoing, especially in Ukraine and Baltic republics. Stalin allowed the re-opening of churches and by
1947, about 20,000 existed along with 67 monastic houses.
ETHNIC MINORITIES -
Russia consisted of Slovanic gorups, Europeans, Muslims and Asians. Native languages were
Before 1924 tolerated and encouraged by literacy campaigns , even allowing a degree in self determination.
Allowed all nationalities to have their own party sections.
Stalin pushed assimilation in order to improve the Soviet identity, for example the Russification of
education. He divided Central Asia into 5 different republics, to weaken pan-Turkick loyalties, a
Under semi-colonial relationship develop with these republics. Some historians saw this policies as Russian
Stalin nationalisms, while others think that the policies were due to the upcoming war instead of racism.
After WWII more violent measures were taken agaisnt ethnic minorities, being imprisioned or
moved to areas far from their original homes.
JEWS-
There were 5 million Jews in Russia who suffered from persecution and therefore, developed
Under the
Zionism. This meant that they sought out the re-establishment of the Jewish nation, and because
Tzar
of this, those who supported Zionism were seen as disloyal.
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