Class notes

Histology - Urinary System

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Course
Human Anatomy And Physiology

Institution
University Of Ottawa (U Of O )

Hi everyone ! These notes will definitely help you with Histology. All the notes are precise and contain all the points you should know about these topics. So, you can use them as class notes, as well as summaries to get prepared well for your exams. Hope you guys will love these !

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Uploaded on June 30, 2022
Number of pages 10
Written in 2021/2022
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Prof. karen
Contains All classes

histology
urinary system
medicine
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histology urinary system

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▪ Components ;
a) kidneys - produce urine
b) ureters - deliver urine
c) bladder - temporary store urine
d) urethra - urination

▪ Functions ;
1) eliminate metabolic wastes, excess water and electrolytes
2) maintaining the homeostasis
* control acid-base balance
* control water and electrolytes balance
3) secrete some bioactive factors:
* Renin - important for regulation of blood pressure by cleaving circulating angiotensinogen to angiotensin I
* Erythropoietin - stimulates erythrocyte production in red marrow when the blood O2 level is low
* Prostaglandin

Kidney

Bean-shaped and each kidney has a ;

concave medial border = the hilum—where nerves enter, the ureter exits, and blood and lymph vessels enter and exit

convex lateral surface

Both covered by a thin fibrous capsule.

① Capsule :- DCT

② Cortex :- outer dark stained
a) medullary ray
Renal lobule - renal tissue including one medullary ray and the surrounding cortical tissue
b) cortical labyrinth
c) renal columns

③ Medulla :- slightly stained
a) renal pyramids (8-15)
b) renal papillae

④ Renal pelvis :-
a) Renal pelvis - funnel-shaped expansion of upper end of ureter
b) Renal calyx - branches from renal pelvis
* major calyx (2-3)
* minor calices : each being a drain for the papilla of a pyramid

1

, Renal Parenchyma

Nephron + Interstitium :- Connective Tissue , Blood Vessels , Nerves

(1) Renal corpuscle
(2) Renal tubule
* Proximal tubule Nephron :- ▪ structural and functional unit
* Loop of Henle ▪ the site of blood filtration, consists of renal corpuscle and renal tubule
* Distal tubule a) Superficial nephrons - 80% of the nephrons
(3) Collecting tubule
b) Juxtamedullary nephrons - 20% of the nephrons

Renal Corpuscle

▪ Spherical shaped and 200 μm in diameter , 1-4 million/ each kidney
▪ Two poles :- the vascular pole and the urinary pole
▪ Consists of glomerulus and renal capsule

Glomerulus

▪ afferent arterioles → a tuft of 20-40 loops of fenestrated capillaries → efferent arterioles
▪ capillary network :-
a) endothelial cells - pore (70-90 nm ) and no diaphragm
b) basal lamina (330 nm)

Interglomerular Mesangium

(1) Mesangial cells
▪ LM :- small , irregular, with processes，small dark N

▪ EM :- RER , Golgi , lysosome , phagocytic vesicles , cytoskeleton - MF, MT , IF and secretory granules
▪ Functions :- I. produce ground substance
II. phagocytosis
III. contract
IV. secrete renin and enzymes

(2) Matrix ;
a) type IV collagen
b) glycoprotein :- sulphate chondritin , heparin and dermatan

2

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