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ANATOMY OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

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study cards / cue cards of important key words and concepts of the nervous system

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  • August 15, 2022
  • 11
  • 2018/2019
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Primary somatosensory cortex function : in postcentral gyrus of parietal lobe (Brodmann areas
(BA) 1-3) , receives info from somatic sensory receptors (skin) & proprioreceptors (skeletal
muscle)

Primary motor cortex : precentral gyrus of frontal lobe of each hemisphere;

Central Nervous System : brain + spinal cord; integrating & command centre

Peripheral Nervous System : cranial & spinal nerves; communication between CNS & all parts of
body

Sensory division : somatic & visceral fibers; from receptors to CNS

motor division : motor nerve fibers from CNS to effectors

Somatic ns : voluntary; from CNS to skeletal muscle

Autonomic ns : involuntary; (visceral motor); from CNS to cardiac muscle, smooth muscle,
glands

Sympathetic division : "fight or flight"

Parasympathetic division : conserve energy at rest

neurons and supporting cells : 2 principal types of cells

6
CNS - 4
PNS - 2 : how many supporting cells are there? CNS ? PNS?

astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes : Supporting cells of the cns (4)

Astrocytes : star-shaped, most abundant; anchor neurons close to capillaries
• roles in nutrient exchange, antigen presentation, control of environment

Microglia : protective; touch neurons to monitor well-being; can transform into macrophages

Ependymal cells : line cavities of brain & spinal cord as barrier between CSF & fluid bathing cells
of CNS; cilia circulate CSF

Oligodendrocytes : "few branches"; provide myelin sheaths to CNS neurons

satellite cells and schwann cells : pns supporting cells

, satellite cells : surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia - influence chemical environment of these
neurons

schwann cells : form myelin sheaths around larger neurons in PNS; vital to peripheral nerve cell
regeneration

Neurons : extreme longevity, amitotic, high MR


by the direction nerve impulses travels : How do you classify the functions of neurons

sensory, motor, association : 3 functional classifications of neurons

sensory neurons : toward CNS; primary, secondary, tertiary

unipolar
bipolar : virtually all PRIMARY sensory neurons are _____.

except _____ neurons in some special sense organs

Multipolar : higher order sensory neurons all _____ & reside entirely within CNS

within the CNS : where do multipolar neurons reside in?

motor neurons : away from CNS to effector organs like muscle & glands;

association (interneurons) : 99% o neurons in our bodies

multipolar : what type of neuron is an association

association (interneurons) : between sensory & motor neurons - integration of info; multipolar;
most entirely within CNS

1. cerebral hemispheres
2. diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus)
3. brain stem
4. cerebellum : 4 sub divisions of the brain

midbrain, pons, medulla : 3 parts of the brain stem

thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus : 3 parts of the diencephalon

complexity of wiring rather than size. : what matters in the brain

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