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Summary Race and Gender in Psychology (weeks 3 and 4) CA$4.80   Add to cart
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Summary Race and Gender in Psychology (weeks 3 and 4)
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  • Course
  • Psychology 114 (PSYCH114)
  • Institution
  • Stellenbosch University (SUN)

Summaries of all content discussed in the lectures and readings for week 3 and 4 of Psychology 114. First is Gender and Psychology and then Race and Psychology.

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Document information

  • August 26, 2022
  • 8
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  • gender and psychology
  • race and psychology
  • south african psychology
  • su psychology

Written for

  • Stellenbosch University (SUN)
  • Psychology 114 (PSYCH114)
All documents for this subject (20)

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P114: Race & Psychology (week 3)

 Race is not a dirty word t. should be avoided

 Should be careful in its use within psych. + research to avoid reproducing/perpetuating harmful categories t. inform
stereotypes/stigma/discrimination

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________

HISTORY OF RACE IN SA PSYCH:
PSYCH. KNOWLEDGE PRODUCED WESTERN/EUROCENTRIC FRAME OF REFERENCE:
3 SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT


PSYCHOANALYSIS BEHAVIOURISM HUMANISM

Freud Watson Skinner Pavlov Rogers Maslow



3 MODELS TO GUIDE/CONCEPTUALISE RESEARCH ON PEOPLE OF COLOUR
(pathological focus)


Inferiority Genetic Deficiency Culturally Deprived
Model Model Model



1. INFERIORITY MODEL:
 People of Colour
 ↓ on evolutionary chain than whites
 more primitive
 inherently pathological (prone to behaviour dysfunctions)


2. GENETIC DEFICIENCY MODEL:
 People of Colour genetically deficient
 Dr H.F Verwoerd (Architect of Apartheid) = unabashed supporter
 Differences between Whites/POC = reflections of genetic inferiority
 Support for EUGENICS MOVEMENT:
 selective breeding necessary to eliminate + control unfit races



3. CULTURAL DEPRIVATION MODEL:
 argued ENVIRONMENT rather than hereditary (oorgeërfde) factors responsible for presumed deficiencies
 POC culturally deprived + require cultural enrichment
 Inadequate exposure to ‘right’ culture (Eurocentric values) POC were culturally disadvantaged


THESE MODELS DEMONSTRATE HOW RACE WAS SEEN IN PSYCH:
 Psych. research used as basis to justify/perpetuate racist policies (APARTHEID)
 can trace scientific support for racist policies through history of SA
 Psychologists R.W. WILCOCKS + J.A.J. VAN RENSBURG research became key pillars of Apartheid + instated as laws:
1. severe penalties on sexual intercourse between races
2. social legislation be revised + extended to keep “racial groups” apart
3. Blacks shouldn’t be allowed to compete for work w. Whites
_______________________________________________________________________________________________

WHAT IS RACE?

,  DEF: grouping/categorisation of people based on physical/biological differences
 e.g. skin colour, hair texture, facial features, eye formation
 Apartheid government used these categories to group citizens
 Many people continue to see race as physically distinct populations
 BUT no validity for racial categories
 Human physical variation overlap
 Genetic analysis shows t. no genes can identify distinct groups

RACE IS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCT:
 Developed by society to group or categorise various people by physical appearance/social attributes

 EVIDENCE FOR SOCIAL CONSTRUCTIONIST VIEWPOINT:
 criteria for categorisation are not universal/fixed
 each society creates own

 Apartheid manufactured its own particular understanding of race
 4 legally divided population groups + hierarchically arranged:
(most to least human)
1. Whites
2. Indians/Asian,
3. Coloureds
4. Blacks/Natives

 PENCIL TEST: arbitrary test
put pencil into hair + whether fell out/not determined racial group



HOW WAS SOCIAL CONSTRUCT OF RACE CONSTRUED/PERPETUATED THROUGH SOCIETY:


1. LEWIN’S EQUATION 2. BRONFENBRENNER’S ECOLOGICAL THEORY

Kurt Lewin Urie Bronfenbrenner

1. LEWIN’S EQUATION:
 Context is important in understanding behaviour
 Behaviour is function of interaction between person + environment
 B = f(P+E)

2. BRONFENBRENNER’S ECOLOGICAL THEORY:
 Any individual exists in different sub-systems which interact w. each other

5 DIVIDED LEVELS:
1. MICROSYSTEM person + individuals in immediate social environment
e.g. immediate family

2. MESOSYSTEM Interactions between microsystems
e.g. neighbourhood, peer groups, school/work
3. EXOSYSTEM social setting surrounding person
e.g. religious institution, media
4. MACROSYSTEM broader spheres of influence
e.g. cultures, subcultures, economic/political systems, COVID pandemic
5. CHRONOSYSTEM systems may be influenced over period of time
e.g. individual’s lifespan



 All these systems have effect on individual:
 Individual’s behaviour is product of ecological system grew up in

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