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Summary Charpter 5 Biology A Global Approach 11th edition CA$7.52   Add to cart
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Summary Charpter 5 Biology A Global Approach 11th edition
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  • Course
  • Celbiologie
  • Institution
  • Avans Hogeschool (Avans)
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  • Biology

Summary of Chapter 5 from Biology A grobal Approach. This summary gives information about the 4 main groups of macromolecules: carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The summary is divided into the same subchapters als the original book. Prictures are also used to make the informati...

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  • No
  • Hoofdstuk 5
  • September 24, 2022
  • 7
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

Subjects

  • biology
  • biology
  • avans university
  • year 1
  • year 1
  • cell biology
  • cell biology
  • macromolecules
  • proteins
  • lipids
  • carbohydrates
  • nucleic acids
  • proteins
  • carbohydrates
  • fats
  • nucleic acids

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  • Avans Hogeschool (Avans)
  • Biologie En Medisch Laboratoriumonderzoek
  • Celbiologie
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Celbiologie

Chapter 5 Biological Molecules and
Lipids
Concept 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers made of
monomers
A polymer is a long molecule built out of monomers → linked together by
covalent bonds.

The 4 most important ones are carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids
and lipids.

Synthesis and Breakdown of a Polymer

The breakdown and synthesis of a polymer is catalized by enzymes, which
speed up the reaction.

Dehydration reaction → building a polymer by taking water

Hydrolysis → Breaking a polymer by adding water

Every individual produces differend polymers. Between siblings lie the
smallest difference, because their DNA is most similar.



Celbiologie 1

, There are 40 common monomers which are used to create a polymer.

Concept 5.2 Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates include sugars and polymers of sugars.

The simplest carbohydrates are monosaccharides → disaccharides are
2 monosaccharides joined by glycosidic linkages, which is a covalent
bond.

Sugars

Monosaccharides have a molecular formula that are multiples of CH2O.

Glucose is the most common monosaccharide → C6H12O6.

A sugar consists of carbonyl groups (C=O) and hydroxyl groups (-OH) and
is usually between 3 and 7 carbon molecules long.

Ketose → carbonyl group lies in the middle

Aldose → carbonyl group lies at the end




Glucose and galactose are mostly the same, only 1 -OH group is located on
the other side in glucose compaired to galactose

Most 5- or 6- carbon sugars form a ring, because this is the most stable form
under different physiological conditions.

Plants transport carbohydrates in the form of sucrose, which is glucose +
frustose.

Lactose is a disaccharide of glucose + galactose. If someone is lactose
intolerant → it misses the enzyme lactase, which breaks down lactose

Polysaccharides



Celbiologie 2

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