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AQA Philosophy A-level: Perception essay plan (epistemology)

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  • Epistemology (60306841)
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  • AQA

This is an essay plan for the Perception topic within the epistemology unit of Philosophy AQA a-level. Covering: direct and indirect realism and idealism. - unique and strong argument that will help you stand out - Comes with a written introduction and conclusion - 3 core arguments with back...

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Document information

  • October 17, 2022
  • 1
  • 2022/2023
  • Essay
  • Unknown
  • A

Subjects

  • philosophy
  • a level
  • aqa
  • realism
  • perception
  • direct realism
  • indirect realism
  • veil of perception
  • scepticism
  • essay plan
  • exam plan
  • epistemology
  • paper 1
  • year 1

Written for

  • A/AS Level
  • AQA
  • Philosophy
  • Epistemology (60306841)
All documents for this subject (41)

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ASSESS REALISM (perception)
Perception alone cannot prove objects exist, even if objects are the ‘best hypothesis’. Therefore we
are forced into idealism as you cannot guarantee mind-independent objects
Initially seems most intuitive theory of perception, alongside principles of
parsimony and Ockham’s Razor as it only involves two parts: the mind and the
external world. However due to its ultimate failure it cannot successfully prove
that objects exist.
DIRECT REALISM
Weakest
criticism Time lag Semantic confusion: confusing the de nition of ‘direct’ with ‘immediate’. Direct = ‘un-
mediated’. Even if perceptions aren’t immediate, they’re unmediated as no other elements/

Stronger
Hallucination factors are a ecting our perceptions - we see things directly as they are.
Criticism hallucinations ≠ perceptions Wouldn’t be able to guarantee all perceptions
weren’t mind dependent
> regular/consistent hallucinations Nulli es the claim all properties of
Strongest
criticism Perceptual variation Provides explanation for perceptual objects are mind-independent,
perceptual variation is undeniable
variation, primary qualities =
and isn’t cause by abnormalities
Most INDIRECT REALISM objective yet we perceive them
indirectly as their secondary (illness or drugs) like hallucinations
signi cant
issue Veil of perception qualities = subjective are. Therefore DR fails
Initially seems strong inductive evidence, but hallucinations =
More Coherence of experience involuntary, we can’t stop through will. Indistinguishable from
convincing
argument (IE)
Involuntary experience + Best hypothesis perceptions in every faction: perceptions
could all be hallucinations.
Strongest IDEALISM - Primary qualities subject to variation Primary issue: cannot
‘prove’ realism through
response to It gives indubitable examples of perceptual variation of objective qualities, proving
INDR induction. (Not deduction =
their subjectivity. If we don’t perceive objective objects, there is no proof they remain
no guarantee)
in existence when we stop perceiving them - so there is a possibility the BH =
incorrect and something else e.g. God is triggering our ideas of the external world.
FORCED INTO SCEPTICISM due to never directly experiencing objective objects

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