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Summary Biology Questions and Answers

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Course
Biology

Institution
Biology

500 biological questions with answers written and organized in a logical way to make the learning of basic biology easier contain biochemistry,cell biology and microbiolgy

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Uploaded on October 30, 2022
Number of pages 14
Written in 2021/2022
Type Summary

bacteria
methanogen archaebacteria
plasmids
bacteria classification
bacteria reproduce
cell structure
biology
cell theory
biochemistry
mineral salts
biopolymers
mineral sa
ecological roles of bacteria

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Biology Questions and Answers
living under high temperatures and low
Bacteria pH. The methanogen archaebacteria are
those that liberate methane gas (CH4),
they are found in swamps.

1. What are bacteria?
4. What are the main
Bacteria are prokaryotic and unicellular
ecological roles of bacteria?
beings. Bacteria have simple
organization, they present an external
cell wall, plasma membrane, circular Bacteria are responsible for the
DNA within the cytoplasm and decomposition process at the end of
ribosomes for protein synthesis. Some food chains and food webs; in this
bacteria are encapsulated, i.e., they process, they also liberate utile gases
have a polysaccharide capsule outside and nutrients for other living beings.
the cell wall. Bacteria that live within the digestive
tube of ruminants and of some insects
digest cellulose for these animals. Some
bacteria also participate in the nitrogen
2. Are bacteria the only cycle, making fixation of nitrogen,
nitrification and denitrification, almost
prokaryotic beings?
always in mutualist ecological
interaction with plants. Bacteria present
Prokaryotic beings are classified into within living beings, for example, some
two big groups: archaebacteria and that live inside the bowels, compete
bacteria (this last also known as with other pathogenic bacteria so
eubacteria). controlling the population of noxious
agents. There are also bacteria that
Compared to bacteria, archaebacteria cause diseases and bacteria used in the
have basic differences, like the chemical production of medical drugs.
compositions of their plasma membrane
and cell wall and different enzymes Excessive proliferation or mass
related to DNA and RNA metabolism. destruction of bacteria can impact entire
ecosystems. For example, when a river
is polluted by organic material the
population of aerobic bacteria increases
3. What are halophile, since the organic material is food for
thermoacidophile and them; the great number of bacteria
methanogen archaebacteria? then exhausts the oxygen dissolved in
water and other aerobic beings (like
There are three peculiar types of fishes) undergo mass death.
archaebacteria. The halophile
archaebacteria only survive in salt-rich
environments (even salinity of the sea is
not enough for them). Thermoacidophile
archaebacteria are characterized by

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, Buyer: Victoria Proctor (vicproc6@gmail.com)

Biology Questions and Answers
them to parasite their host. Some
5. What are examples of bacteria have fimbriae, cilium-like
human diseases caused by structures that attach the bacterial cell
bacteria? to the host tissue. There are bacteria
specialized in intracellular parasitism.
Some human diseases caused by Other bacteria secrete toxins, molecules
bacteria are tuberculosis, pertussis, that cause disease; in some cases, the
diphtheria, bacterial meningitis, bacterial population growth causes food
gonorrhea, syphilis, bubonic plague, contamination by toxins. Generally,
leptospirosis, cholera, typhoid fever, bacterial disease is caused by bacterial
Hansen’s disease, trachoma, tetanus, population growth with invasion and
anthrax. destruction of tissues or by bacterial
toxins that contaminate the organism.

6. What are some industrial
processes that use bacteria? 8. In which environments do
bacteria live?
Bacteria are used by industry in various
ways. There are vaccines made of Bacteria can be found in various
attenuated pathogenic bacteria or of environments throughout the planet.
antigens present in bacteria. One of the There are bacteria in the air, in fresh
most ancient uses of bacteria is the water, on the surface, in the
fermentation of milk to produce yogurt, intermediate depth and on the bottom
cheese and curd (even before the of the sea, in soils, in our skin and
knowledge of the existence of bacteria practically in all terrestrial environments
these microorganisms were already through which air circulates freely.
used in the making of those products). Some bacteria can be found in volcanic
Some methods of antibiotic production craters under extremely high
involve bacteria. The recombinant DNA temperatures.
technology (genetic engineering) allows
the industrial production and
commercialization of human proteins,
like insulin for diabetics, synthesized by 9. How are bacteria classified
mutant bacteria. Some bacteria can according to the production of
produce fuel, like methane gas. organic material for the
energetic metabolism?

7. What are some mechanisms Most bacteria are heterotroph, they do
not produce their own food. There are
by which pathogenic bacteria also autotroph bacteria: chemosynthetic
cause diseases? Why is this bacteria or photosynthetic bacteria.
knowledge important?
Some photosynthetic bacteria, like
Pathogenic bacteria have characteristics cyanobacteria, make photosynthesis like
known as virulence factors that help plants do, using water. Others, the

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