UGA History Exemption Test 2018(Updated)With Correct Answers

Hernan Cortes Spanish explorer who marched across mexico and conquered the aztecs - from spain Hernando de Soto -explored deep in USA -first to cross and disocer Miss. River -claimed for Spain Georgia first colonized by Spanish because they were looking for gold and land James Edward Oglethorpe The leader of English Parliament who founded the Georgia colony James Wright Georgia's third, and final, royal governor Jamestown -First permanent English settlement -Starving time (% died) -1619: first slave ship of africans - 1640: modern concept of slavery was established in US Why did colonists come to the New World? Religious freedom profit adventure...etc. Original Trustees of Ga were provided what 50 acres , free passage, provisions for 1 yr William Penn -Founder of Pennsylvania -Pushed for democracy and religious freedom -Quaker -Wanted to unite all of the U.S. colonies What country claimed Quebec? The French Who settled land west of the Mississippi River A. The French B. The Dutch C. The Spanish D. The British A. The French Who settled land in New York The Dutch along Hudson River later colonized New Amsterdam on Manhattan Island. Main cash crop of Chesapeake Bay (Virginia and Maryland) Tobacco ??? Early settlers wanted main crop to be ______ , ended up being _______ wine/silk and rice/indigo Later cash crops became tobacco and cotton King Phillip's War Most Indians lost in New England King Philip's War was an armed conflict between American Indian inhabitants of New England versus the New England colonists and their Indian allies in 1675-78 Bacon's Rebellion -armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers led by Nathaniel Bacon against the rule of Governor William Berkeley. - First rebellion in the colonies Many of the European settlers who first came to the New World did so to escape religious persecution. Which colony was granted to a benefactor for the purpose of settling the Quakers? A. Virginia B. Massachusetts C. New Hampshire D. Pennsylvania D. Pennsylvania by William Penn Early settlers in New England depended primarily upon what source of labor? A. their children B. slaves C. indentured servants D. wage laborers A. their children The Great Awakening -Revival of religion in U.S. 1730's Protestant The Stono Rebellion -1739 -Largest slave uprising in SC -Leader Jemmy (Cato) -Marched towards Spanish Florida, where they were promised freedom and land -Lead to the negro act of 1740 which restricted slave movements, education, and assembly. What were the main benefits of owning slaves Source of wealth and status Battle of Bloody Marsh Victory for Oglethorpe over the Spanish on St. Simons Island in 1742 French and Indian War -7 years war - - Britian and France The French and Indian War was fought to decide if Britain or France would be the strong power in North America. France and its colonists and Indian allies fought against Britain, its colonists and Indian allies. Treaty of Paris of 1763 Ended French & Indian War. Marked the end of French power in North America. Britain gained Canada and all French lands east of the Mississippi River. Spain gave up Florida but received all lands west of the Mississippi River Mercantilism Economic system to unify and increase the power and wealth of a nation by strict governmental regulations through policies like bullion and favorable balance of trade -Adam Smith was anti-mercantilism Revolutionary War - The American Revolutionary War, also known as the American War of Independence, was a global war that began as a conflict between Great Britain and her Thirteen Colonies, which declared independence as the United States of America. -Sparked by the Stamp Act against King George the III (1765) -Boston Massacre (1770) -Boston Tea Party (1773) (Sons of Liberty) Thomas Paine -1777 -Father of American revolution -Inspired rebels to declare independence from britain - Wrote Common Sense and The American Crisis The Battles of Lexington and Concord -1775 -First military engagements of the American Revolutionary war -lieutenant francis smith -Shot heard around the world University of Georgia The United States' first state-chartered university (1785); it is the oldest and largest of Georgia's institutions of higher learning Governor James Jackson Reformer, wants to clean up the mess made by the Federalists. Plans to repeal the Yazoo deal if elected. Father of Jeffersonian Party in Ga. Swept the election, takes office in 1796, rescinds the Yazoo purchase of year prior. Overturned Yazoo Act; elected to First Congress; lost reelection George Washington -Named commander in chief of continental army -drafted US constitution -marine corps -articles of confederation Friedrich Von Steuben German soldier help train continental army to follow commands attack and retreat Nancy Morgan Hart One of the most patriotic women in Georgia, she worked as a spy; she disguised herself as a man and entered British camps trying to gain information; famous for holding six British soldiers (Tories) at gunpoint who tried to pillage her land During the American Revolution, Tories were: A. leaders of the Sons of Liberty. B. guerrilla fighters in the South. C. English who sympathized with the revolutionaries. D. loyal to the Crown of England. D. loyal to the Crown of England. - patriots were opposed to King Industrial Revolution Britain 1720's - Period of rapid industrial growth resulting from new sources of power and new ways to make products. Handmade goods were replaced by machine made goods Washington's Farewell Address 1706 Stressed 3 dangers facing the nation: 1) political parties could divide the nation, 2) avoid long term alliances with foreign nations, and 3) avoid sectionalism caused by geography and other differences Battle of Bunker Hill -1775 -William prescott -British won Treaty of Paris 1783 -Ended the American Revolutionary war YORKTOWN -US recognized as its own place Articles of Confederation Nation's FIRST constitution. Limited power of national government. Created a weak national government incapable of dealing with the nation's problems - 1781 Later replaced with a federal system under the Constitution. Alexander Hamilton -One of the Founding fathers -Aided George washington *First US treasurer -one of the most influential interpreters and promoters of the U.S. Constitution, -the founder of the nation's financial system, -the founder of the Federalist Party, -the world's first voter-based political party, -the Father of the United States Coast Guard, and the founder of The New York Post. Federalists papers -collection of 85 articles and essays written (under the pseudonym Publius) by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay promoting the ratification of the United States Constitution -Against the bill of rights -Madison discusses the means of preventing rule by majority faction and advocates a large, commercial republic James Madison Considered "Father of the Constitution" because of his role in its writing and ratification. Wrote Bill of Rights. One of the authors of the Federalist Papers. President during War of 1812 Northwest Ordinance -1789 -An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio -First organized territory of the US -Began westward expansion -This division helped set the stage for national competition over admitting free and slave states Iroquois league five tribes to form the Indian confederation called the Iroquois League. Eli Whitney Invented the cotton gin, 1793 All of the following were consequences of Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin, except: A. the urbanization of the southern economy. B. the strengthening of slavery in the southern states. C. the development of an American textile industry. D. the spread of cotton as a cash crop in the southern states. A. the urbanization of the southern economy. Cotton Gin machine which automated cotton processing and INCREASED the need for slaves Great Compromise (1787) It retained the bicameral legislature as proposed along with proportional representation of the states in the lower house, but required the upper house to be weighted equally between the states. 1795 Yazoo Land Fraud in which four land companies bribed legislators to approve their acquisition of 35 million acres (nearly 60 percent of the land area that now constitutes Alabama and Mississippi) at the cost of only five hundred thousand dollars. Kentucky and Virginia Resolves -1798 -Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. -written secretly by Vice President Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, respectively. -argued for states' rights and strict constructionism of the Constitution. What belief led most states to require a certain level of property ownership in order to qualify for voting or holding political office? A. Concentrating political power in the hands of the wealthy would hasten economic development. B. Such qualifications would encourage the poorer classes to work hard and save money. C. It would be easier to keep track of one list of property owners and one list of voters, rather than having a list for each. D. Only property owners would possess the necessary independence to make wise political choices. D. Only property owners would possess the necessary independence to make wise political choices. Marbury vs. Madison Supreme Court case which established the principle of judicial review 1803 Louisiana Purchase -1803 -US bought land from france -Thomas jefferson president -federalists party opposed -Lewis and Clarke set out to explore after purchase Milledgeville () Georgia's fourth capital and seat of the state government during the Civil War () War of 1812 -The United States declared war on June 18, 1812, for several reasons, including trade restrictions brought about by the British war with France, the impressment of US merchant sailors into the Royal Navy, British support for Native American tribes against European American expansion -At the end of the war, both sides signed and ratified the Treaty of Ghent and, in accordance with the treaty, returned occupied land, prisoners of war and captured ships -President madison -US won battle of YORKTOWN so British Burned DC Hartford Convention - -federalists expressed grievances with the war of 1812 -Federalists were upset w 3/5 compromise and required a 2/3 majority in congress for the admission of new states -The convention discussed removing the three-fifths compromise which gave slave states more power in Congress and requiring a two-thirds super majority in Congress for the admission of new states, declarations of war, and laws restricting trade. Dartmouth College Case v. Woodward -1819 -Dealt with the contract clause -Court ruled in favor of the school to remain private when the state of New Hampshire wanted them to be public - The case arose when the president of Dartmouth College was deposed by its trustees, leading to the New Hampshire legislature attempting to force the college to become a public institution Frederick Douglass - Former slave..escaped -Leader of abolitionist movement -autobiographies best seller -supported women's suffrage Iroquois League -Group of native american tribes: wyandot, susquehannock, Erie, neutral party -Beaver wars: try to stop fur trade between tribes and european markets - Fur trade -Ohio river (great lakes region) Railroads West In 1837 engineers for the Western and Atlantic Railroad (a state-sponsored project) staked out a point on a ridge about seven miles east of the Chattahoochee River as the southern end of a rail line they planned to build south from Chattanooga, Tennessee. Trail of Tears -Forced relocation of American Cherokee Indians after indian removal act of 1830 -exposure, disease, and starvation -president andrew jackson -many moved to oklahoma Georgia gold rush - found during the cherokee indian removal in 1838 Second party System -1828-54 -rising levels of voter interest -democratic party lead by andrew Jackson -Whig party lead by henry clay (national republicans) (Jacksonian era) Nullification Crisis -1832-33 - SC argued that the federal tariffs were unconstitutional - Jackson sent troops to force SC to pay tariffs Gadsden Purchase 1853 Gadsden Purchase, . The Gadsden Purchase, or Treaty, was an agreement between the United States and Mexico, finalized in 1854, in which the United States agreed to pay Mexico $10 million for a 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico that later became part of Arizona and New Mexico. Henry L. Benning A lawyer, legislator, and jurist who became associate justice of the Supreme Court of Georgia in the 1850s. Also became a vocal advocate for secession and earned the rank of brigadier general during the Civil War. He is also noted for the U.S. Army's fort named in his honor