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SO39 Social Movements and Collective Action in the Internet Age11/10/21 Lecture 4: Collective Identity and Solidarity
“Social construction of collective identity is both a major prerequisite
and a major accomplishment of the new social movements” (Buechler,
1995)
New Social Movements and Collective Identity
- European scholars reacted to 1960s social movements by
contextualising them in the long sweep of history
- Emerging post-industrial society based on increasing importance of
knowledge over straightforward physical production
- Thus the politics of the age becomes a struggle not over simple
division of resources but over cultural meanings and ways of living
- Similarly the forms of activism undertaken are less about solely
seeking changes in state policy but “to change the practices and
beliefs of members and other segments of the public” (Jasper, 1997)
- New Social Movement scholars become increasingly interested in
collective identity to understand and explain this new politics
Alberto Melucci
- Collective action emerges from and is enabled by actors’
identification with and against others
- Thus collective identity “is not a thing, but a system of relations and
representations” (Melucci, 1995)
- It “determines the criteria by which members recognize themselves
and are recognised” (Melucci, 1996)
- Collective identity is generated and revised through three processes:
Setting of goals and strategies; activation of relationships and shared
decision making; and emotional investments (Melucci, 1989)
- Melucci’s work has been criticised as too abstract but has been
widely influential, particularly in terms of emphasising the
importance of networks of active relationships; understanding the
process of meaning making; and the role of emotional involvement in
activists
Collective Identity
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