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pyschology for nurses

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Course
NURSING

Institution
NURSING

Definition of psychology : “It is the study of behavior and mental processes”. * Why it is important for Nurses to study this course ؟ 1. Helps the student to understand their own behavior and others’ behavior, and reasons for that behavior. 2. Helps the students to develop insights int...

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Uploaded on November 26, 2022
Number of pages 36
Written in 2021/2022
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Gennings ouma
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psychology
psychology for nurses

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KENYA MEDICAL TRAINING COLLEGE

NURSING

PSYCHOLOGY
Contents
1. Preface
2. Definition of psychology
3. Aspects of psychology
4. Psychology ( past &present)
5. Goals of psychology
6. Specialties of psychology
7. Research in psychology
8. The biological foundations of behavior
9. Sensation and perception
10. Sleep disorder
11. Learning
12. Memory and forgetting
13. Personality (Structure and Development)
14. Defense mechanisms
15. Motivation
16. Emotions
17. Stress
18. Attention
19. Intelligence
20. References

Psychology
Definition of psychology :
“It is the study of behavior and mental processes”.
* Why it is important for Nurses to study this course ‫؟‬
1. Helps the student to understand their own behavior and
others’ behavior, and reasons for that behavior.
2. Helps the students to develop insights into the nature of the
psychological process and suggests how the psychological
knowledge and procedures can be applied in the problem
solving of personal and social problems.
3. Helps you in your future work as dealing with
different types of patients & people.
4. Helps you to be more perceptive in evaluating
psychological information’s, you read or hear about.
*Aspects of psychology:
I - Psychology is a science.
-Psychology may not seem to you as much of a science like
chemistry or biology, because psychologists study things that

,can’t be put in a tube or under a microscope.
-Psychologists try to understand behaviors relation between
variables, issues, that deal with sensations or perception.
*Example: -Why twins develop different personalities?
Why women are more emotionally expressive than
men are?
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- Psychology is a science deals with (why and how).
- Psychologists use systematic method to gather data,
analyze them and interpret the meaning of their findings and
developing principles or theories about why things happen as
they do .
- A theory is an attempt to fit all known, relevant facts into a
logical explanation.
- Theories can serve as frame- work for collecting more
data.
- Like any other study, psychology is ongoing field of study .
- The findings of different investigator lead to new
problems, new directions and new possibilities, and this make
psychology so existing and there is always more to learn .
II - Psychology is a means to promoting human welfare: by 2
main issues :
a) Applied science: In which the research findings are used to
solve practical problems or improve the quality of life.
b) Basic science aims to understanding a subject without regards
to whether that understanding will have immediate practical
effect .
-Some people have trouble seeing the potential benefits of basic
science and thinks it is a wasting of time and money.
But we say that most experiment done firstly on animals like
Pigs & Rats before application on human.
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*Psychology: past and present :
**Past:
- Wilhelm Wundt (1832- 1920) felt that mental process
could be investigated with objective technique similar to
other scientific fields .
- He created the (science of psychology) at the University of
Leipzig in Germany where he established the first
psychological laboratory.
N.B.: the first man who named this science as psychology from
Islamic scientists is "Al- Ghazaly"
**Present :
There are 5 perspectives:

,1) Neuro-biological Perspective :
-It explains thoughts, feelings and behaviors in terms of the
working of the brain and nervous system.
2) Behaviorist perspective :
-Looks for explanations in the environmental stimuli that shape
and control the persons actions (Skinner).
3) Psychoanalytic Perspective :
-Its explanations of behavior lies in powerful unconscious
wishes and conflicts (Freud).
4) Humanistic Perspective :
Explains what people do in terms of their motivation for selffulfillment
and the obstacles toward it.
5) Cognitive perspective :
Explains behavior by looking at a person’s particular ways of
reasoning and thinking .
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-All these 5 perspectives view behavior from different angles .
-They are not opposed to one another, they complementary one
to another .
Goals of Modern psychology
Personal goals :
1- Theoretical cognitive importance.
2- Psychological, moral, & personal importance.
3- Spiritual importance.
Scientific goals:
1-Description :
-Understanding of human behavior must begin with careful
description of how people think, feel and act in specific
situation.
2-Explanation:
-Involves “why and how” that behavior happened. –
3-Predication :
-The ability to say in advance how someone is likely to act .
-A study designed to test a theory usually involves making a
prediction that people will behave in a certain way in a certain
circumstances, if the prediction is upheld ---theory is supported.

Contemporary fields of Specialization
Some major sub-fields in psychology include :
1-Experimental psychology :
-Relies on experimentation’s as a data – gathering method.
-Experimental psychologists often do their in laboratory and
frequently use animals rather than human as their experimental
subjects .
Experimental psychology studies one of several basic processes

, like sensation, hearing, perception, learning, and
communication.
2-Neuro- psychology :
Focus on certain aspects of basic process
.They study how basic processes are controlled by nervous
system .
Example:
If psychologists have been asked to explain why memory
sometimes declines in old age, he would probe the brain for
breakdown in the network of nerve cells that involves in
remembering.
3-Personality psychology :
-Concerned with describing and explaining individual
differences in behavior
-Tries to answer the following questions - :
-How personality develops?
-Can personality change overtime?
-Can personality change in multiple situations?
-Can is personality diseased?
-What are the factors that shape our personality ‫؟‬
4-Social psychology:
-Try to examine factors that affect personal response perception,
motivation and behavior in a given situation, like RTA or some
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one collapsed suddenly. What is the reaction of people around
him?
-How people deal with others
5-Developmental psychology :
-Try to describe and explain the systematic changes that occur in
people throughout the life cycle.
-How ways of thinking and reasoningchange as people grow
older .
6-Industrial and Organizational Psychology- :
-Concerns with all aspects of behavior that relate to the work
place .
-One aspect: How work can be made more satisfying and more
productive.
-Ideas to solve work problems, employee training programs
introduce changes that make work less repetitive and boring.
-A major issue facing industrial and organizational
psychologists now is findings ways to helping working women
deal with stress of handling their dual responsibilities at home
and at office.
7-Educational and school psychology:
(Pedagogical psychology or Teaching psychology)

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