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Astronomical Phenomena & Technologies Grade 9
Astronomical Phenomena & Technologies
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1. Aurora borealis- Northern Lights2. Solar eclipses
3. Comets
4.
Aurora Borealis
What happens?
⋆ Charged particles (electrons and protons) collide with gasses in Earth's upper atmosphere.
⋆ Tiny flashes fill the sky with colorful light. As billions of flashes occur in sequence, the auroras
appear to move or "dance" in the sky.
How?
Earth's magnetic field steers the charged particles towards the poles. Auroras occur almost every
night in the northern sky, from August to May.
Solar eclipse
• Solar eclipse: when the Moon blocks the Sun’s light to viewers on Earth.
• Partial: Sun is only partially blocked from our view.
• Total: Moon completely blocks out our view of the Sun.
•
• Solar eclipses happen 2-4x per year, but you can only see them if you are in the 50 mile radius of
the shadow.
• Next partial eclipse: April 30, 2022
• Full eclipse: 2023
WARNING: DO NOT look at the sun during an eclipse as it can cause retinal burns → permanent
damage → blindness. Use special sunglasses and filters.
Comets
What are they?
⋆ Cosmic snowballs of frozen gasses, rock, and dust that orbit the Sun.
⋆ When frozen, they are the size of a small town.
⋆ Can appear at random from any direction and can be around for months.
How is it formed?
When a comet comes close to the Sun, the ices sublimate (solid → gas) and form the coma (dust +
gas)
As dust and gas in the coma flow freely into space, the comet forms two tails.
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