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Résumé Résume de problemes economiques et sociaux
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Resume de problemes economiques et sociaux
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PROBLEMES ECONOMIQUES ET SOCIAUXLA CROISSANCE I : HISTOIRE DE LA CROISSANCE
, I : Histoire de la croissance :
La croissance mondiale sur une très longue période :
• Jusqu’à la fin du Moyen-âge : PIB/tête≈100$/hab;
• 1800 : 200$/hab ;
• 1914 : 1000$/hab;
• 2000 : 5484$/hab.
• 2010 : 9514$/hab
• 2015 : 10174$/hab
Le processus de convergence
- Le Japon et l’Europe ont convergé vers les USA au cours de la seconde moitié
du 20ème siècle, mais plafonnent depuis le choc pétrolier à 80% du revenu
américain ;
- Décollage économique de certains pays («émergents»): Asie du
Sud-est, Chine, Inde, Brésil ;
- D’autres pays stagnent, voire régressent en termes relatifs (Afrique) ;
- Les dernières décennies ont vu se succéder une série de cycles de croissance
soutenue et de récession ou de faible croissance :
• Croissance des années 1919-1929
• Récession des années 1930
• Forte croissance de l'après-guerre : les "30 glorieuses"
• Ralentissement après le choc pétrolier de 1973
• Forte croissance des années 1980-1990
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