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Summary Life Sciences IEB Scientific Skills Notes
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  • Course
  • Life Sciences
  • Institution
  • 12th Grade

These notes summarize the difference between the validity, reliability, accuracy and credibility of sources. There is also a summary of variables, how to do a graph trend, what is fact, law, hypothesis, theory, ethics, good laboratory practice and indigenous knowledge systems. Everything you need i...

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  • January 7, 2023
  • 11
  • 2021/2022
  • Summary

Subjects

  • life sciences notes
  • life sciences
  • life sciences grade 12
  • biology notes
  • life sciences grade 12 notes
  • life sciences scientific skills
  • life sciences scientific skills notes
  • biology scientific skills note

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  • 12th Grade
  • Life Sciences
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Scientific Skills
Validity
 Refers to the extent to which a concept or conclusion is well-
founded and based on evidence.
 The validity of an experiment may be influenced by the equipment,
the experimental method, and the analysis of the results.
 We are investigating a relationship between cause and effect: how
changing X affects Y- if you allow other changes at the same time,
then you cannot make a valid conclusion about how X affected Y
since Y may have been affected by the other changes as well.
 Establishing and implementing your controlled variables correctly is
one of the ways to ensure validity when conducting investigations.

Reliability
 Refers to the dependability or consistency of the investigation-
repeat multiple times and still get the same result.
 An experiment that is unreliable would yield erratic, unstable or
inconsistent results.

Accuracy
 Refers to how close the final result is to the correct or accepted
value.
 Accuracy is influenced by both your measurement technique as well
as the equipment used – error of parallax for accuracy.




Credibility of Sources
 The combination of both the objective and subjective components to
making a source believable for the information or message it is
providing. – How truthful it is/ believable /unbiased
 How trustworthy is the source

,  We want to be able to critique information from a source for its
scientific correctness: (TO DECIDE IF CREDIBLE)
o Who said it?
o Where did you read it?
o Authors expertise
o Authors Point of View (Potential bias)
o Date of Publication
o What is the intention of the person conveying the message?
Do they gain anything?
o Type of Platform
o What method is being used.?
o What data is being measured.?
o Did they conduct an investigation themselves?
o Look at context of the source
o Targeted audience ? (e.g., You Magazine – aimed at women)
 Intentionally leaving out information makes it bias
 Religion is not a foundation for scientific research

Types of Sources
SCIENTIFIC JOURNALS (Nature, Scientific America,
The Lancet)

 A publication used to further the progress of
science
 Hard copy or online – Can take the form of a
URL
 Peer Review (Believable) – a study must be
reviewed by at least two other scientists who
are specialists in the field of your
investigation.
 If the scientist passes this analysis, their work
will be published and available for other scientists to view and
potentially replicate.
 HIGHLY CREDIBLE SCIENTIFIC SOURCES- due to the
nature one must follow in order to be published
 “Journal” indicates that it is from a scientific journal or told it
is from a journal – have a volume and issue number

DOCTORS/PROFESSORS/EXPERTS
e.g., Prof Glenda Gray
 Evaluate who+ in what context they are speaking (their
qualifications)
 Titles of expertise that are bestowed upon individuals who
have produced a body of work that passes the requirements
for that field.

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