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Summary Drugs List of MG: Infectious diseases and Oncology 2023 CA$7.60   Add to cart
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Summary Drugs List of MG: Infectious diseases and Oncology 2023

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  • Course
  • Medicine groups: Infectious diseases and Oncology
  • Institution
  • Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)

This List of durgs provides you with the information you need to pass the subject of infectious diseases and oncology. It is usually combined with the summary of this subject for the best results. I wrote this summary down during the lectures. Because this summary helped me to pass this subject, I ...

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Document information

  • January 28, 2023
  • 25
  • 2022/2023
  • Summary

Subjects

  •  oncology
  • cohabitation and presence of bacteria in the human body

Written for

  • Rijksuniversiteit Groningen (RuG)
  • Pharmacy
  • Medicine groups: Infectious diseases and Oncology
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,Lecture 2: Antibiotics with cell
wall and membrane as their
target
 Penicillin G:
 Target
 Bacterial infections
 only active against fast dividing bacteria
 Mechanism
 It inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis (cell wall synthesis) using β-lactam
 fast excretion via kidney, non-toxic,
 Side effects
 Unstable at acidic conditions, sensitive to all known β-lactamases, less active against gram - frequently
allergic reactions

 Penicillin V:
 Target
 Bacterial infections
 only active against fast dividing bacteria
 Mechanism
 Same as Penicillin G, but electronegative O-atom added so less unstable in acidic conditions, can bypass the
stomach
 It inhibits peptidoglycan synthesis (cell wall synthesis) using β-lactam
 fast excretion via kidney, non-toxic,
 Side effects
 It will stick to many things in the body, so you have to give 4 doses a day.

 Ampicillin:
 Penicillin with the addition of an NH2 group and phenyl group
 Bacterial infections
 Good bioavailablity

 Amoxicillin:
 Penicillin with the addition of an NH2 group and phenol group, also against
gram –
 Bacterial infections
 Excellent bioavailability

 Then instead of an amino group, a carboxyl group is placed on that position. These
are called carboxypenicillins called carbenicillin and carfecillin. These can also be
administered orally and have a better activity against G- bacteria. However, if the R
group is polar it has a poor adsorption.

,  What are common examples regarding lactamase inhibitors (this is called suicide inhibitor)?
 Clavulanic acid: given with amoxicillin
 How does clavulanic acid work?
 Clavulanic acid fits in the bucket of the lactamase forming a complex which is IRRIVERSIBLE

 Sultamicilline: (prodrug) it is a structure that contain the antibacterial and
lactamase inhibitor. When it is in the stomach, due to the low acidity it
cleaves off forming those building block

 Tazobactam
 lactamase inhibitors
 In combination with piperacillin, back-up antibiotic, intensive care
medicine
 Bacterial infections, diabetes-related food infections, febrile neutropenia
 Cephalosporin C
 Inhibition of the transpeptidase enzyme, has a less reactive βlactam ring, good leaving group
 Cefalexin
 1st generation, good against gram+, bad against gram
 Airway infections, skin infections, bladder infections
 Cefoxitin
 2nd generation, urethane group functionality is more stable than ester group, better lactamase stability (steric
hindrance by methoxy group), variable activity against gram+, improved activity against gram
 Infections, very βlactamase resistant
 Ceftobiprole
 ack-up cephalosporin, ‘5th’ generation, anti-MRSA, resistant against Staphylococcus βlactamase, inhibits
Staphylococcus PBP2
 Skin and soft tissue infections, IV, Canada, Switzerland and EU
 Vancomycin
 This is a not beta lactam  it is a back up treatment  only in hospital pharmacy
 It interferes with the cell wall at diffent place
 It inhibits the cross linking
 inhibits the synthesis of the cell wall by binding to peptide chains and preventing cross linking.
 Against which type of bacteria is vancomycin used?
 It is used against gram+ bacilli, often as back-up antibiotic in serious infections.
 Bacitracin

 inhibits the export of building blocks
 Against which type of bacteria is Bacitracin used?
 against gram+ bacilli and is nephrotoxic
 why is it noly used on skin and eyes
 because it is nefrotoxic
 There is poor bioavailability, so often use of cream for skin and eyes.
 Cycloserine
 It is a D-alanine-mimic
 inhibits the attachment of D-alanine amino acids to the peptide chain of NAM.
 Phosphomycin
 inhibits the precursor of peptidoglycan
 Against which type of bacteria is Fosfomycin used?

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