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short notes on semi-conductor
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--- Semi Conductor ---.Semi-Conductor :- Diode :-
• Types • Biasing
• Band Theory • Half wave Rectifier
• Logic Gates • Full wave rectifier
.Special Purpose Diode :-
• Photo diode
• LED
• Solar cell
• Zenier Diode
Page 1
Made By : Yash
, p-n junction
➢ Conductor
These are those substance which allows current to pass through them easily.
Their resistivity is low . Eg. Silver, gold, copper.
➢ Insulator
These substances does not allow current to pass through them. They have high
resistivity . Eg. Rubber, plastic, polythene, glass.
➢ Semi-conductor
These substances have conductivity in between conductor & insulator and
their resistivity is in between . Eg. Silicon(Si), Germanium(Ge).
➢ Types of Semi-conductor
These are of two types
1. Intrinsic semiconductor:
It is pure form of semi conductor which is free from
any impurity. It consist equal amount of holes and
electrons. It has low conductivity and thus has very
limited use. Eg. Pure silicon , pure germanium.
In intrinsic semi conductor, number of
electrons and holes are equal . When semi
conductor is heated, some bonds breaks and these
holes and electrons are generated.
2. Extrinsic semiconductor: When some impurity is added in intrinsic
semiconductor to increase its conductivity, then it is called extrinsic
semiconductor and the process is called doping.
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Made By : Yash
, It has further two types :
i) P-type semiconductor ii) n-type semiconductor
When a semiconductor is doped with When a semiconductor is doped with
previous group element then it is next group element means
means trivalent element. pentavalent elements then it is called
n-type
called p-type or positive type type or negative type semiconductor.
semiconductor. It has holes as It has electrons as majority current
majority current carrier while carrier while holes will be minority
electrons will be minority current current carrier.
carrier.
❖ Band Theory
1. Valence band
This band may be partially or completely
filled with electrons. This band is never
empty. In energy band diagram, this band is
with lower energy and electrons in there can
not conduct electricity on applying electric
field.
2. Conduction band
In this energy band diagram, the conduction band is a upper band. This band is
either empty or partially filled with electrons.
Electrons in there can conduct electricity on applying electric field.
Page 3
Made By : Yash
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