NLN Pax Questions with complete solutions 100%

NLN Pax Questions with complete solutions 100% A person blows his breath into a straw that is placed in limewater. The limewater becomes cloudy because the person's breath contains: carbon dioxide A person who was in an auto accident has formed a blood clot at the site of the injury. One event that can lead to formation of a blood clot is that: ruptured platelets release thromboplastin A student focuses sunlight to a point with a thin converging (convex) lens. Which of these direct measurements can the student make as a result of this experiment? the approximate focal length of the lens In ecological succession, the first living thing to colonize a hitherto barren area is called a: pioneer organism Unicellular organisms that have a nucleus and can swim with the aid of cilia are examples of: protozoans Which of these conditions is associated with smoking? emphysema Which of these quantities is most closely associated with an object's inertia? Mass Which of these sequences of anatomic organization, from the simplest level to the most complex, is the correct sequence? From tissue, organ, organ system to organism Which part of the cell structure controls the passage of materials into and out of the cell? Plasma membrane While working in the chemistry laboratory, a student spills dilute hydrochloric acid on her hand. What is the first action this student should take? Flush her hand with large quantities of water Within a living cell, the oxygen (O2) from a mixture of O2 and carbon dioxide (CO2) is used up. This creates a concentration gradient across the cell membrane, drawing O2 across the membrane from the outside in, a process known as Diffusion You cut your finger rather deeply while slicing an apple. Which of these actions should you take first? Wash the wound continuously with cold running water 30 students in a class carefully measure the length and width of 20 peanut shells. They also count the number and note the size of the peanuts inside. This information is recorded on various graphs showing the numbers of nuts and the different sizes. The collected evidence of the peanuts gives the students an idea of the extent of: variation within a species A tincture is a solution in which: alcohol is the solvent All the glucose filtered from the blood in the glomerulus into the Bowman's capsule of the kidney nephron is returned to the tissue fluid while passing along the proximal tubule. This rapid return is effected by the process of: active transport If the night temperature drops 50 degrees, the roadrunner's internal energy-conservation permits a lowering of body temperature to: 94°F 1 kilogram (kg) of solid X at 10C and 1 kg of solid Y 10C each absorb 5 joules of heat energy. The final temperatures on X and Y is 15C and 20C, respectively. Compared to X, Y must have a lower:F specific heat A woman suddenly chokes on a piece of food and clutches frantically at her throat. An immediate remedy is to: apply quick, hard pressures successively to her abdomen, just below her diaphragm An unknown gas is more dense than air, does not support combustion, and turns a limewater solution cloudy. This gas is most probably: carbon dioxide Night blindness in humans is caused by a lack of: Vitamin A In varieties of matter, the term heterogeneous may be applied to: mixtures, but not elements or compounds The atoms of an element with seven valence electrons are most probably classified as: nonmetals The inherited factors that are transmitted in a organism from generation to generation are called its: genotype Which of these conditions is associated with smoking? Emphysema Within which of these structures of the female reproductive tract is the human egg fertilized? Fallopian tube A cell which manufactures a large amount of protein for export would have an abundance of organelles called: ribosomes A lens that focuses distant light to a single point is known as a : converging (convex) lens A substance composed of similar atoms (number of protons is the same for all) that can not be broken down chemically is a(n) element Charles Darwin's theory of evolution suggests that the reason for the various differences between species is a result of: natural selection How much current is drawn by a light bulb that has a resistance of 100 R with a voltage of 110 V? (V= IR) 1.1 amperes The amplitude of a sound wave is most closely related to its: loudness The calorie and the kilocalorie are units of : energy The force of gravity on an object is that object's: weight The Law of Dominance was proposed by which of the following scientists? Mendel The number of complete waves which pass a point in one second is known as a : frequency The vertical columns on the periodic chart are known as: groups When a sperm and egg join to form a zygote in humans, what determines the sex of the child that is produced? The sperm When two atoms share a pair of electrons, the bond between them is called: covalent When your muscles atrophy, they: waste away Which of these organisms has the most complex digestive system? Earthworm Which of these processes occurs at a neuromuscular junction? Impulse transmission Which of these processes is used to free contaminated water of bacteria? Treating it with chlorine Which of these organisms might be found in contaminated well water? Giardia Which of these is the correct sequence of chambers through which blood flows in the human heart and lungs? Right atrium, right ventricle, lungs, left atrium, left ventricle Which of these changes occurs in the kidneys when a person becomes dehydrated? The filtration rate of water remains constant and the reabsorption of water increases. When a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of these conditions must be present? The population is isolated from other populations Water freezes at 0C. On the Kelvin temperature scale, this is equivalent to: 273K To determine the optimum conditions for the activity of a digestive enzyme, it would be necessary to test its activity over a range of: temperature, pH and substrate concentration The Pap test can detect cancer in the female reproductive tract at an early stage, requiring cells scraped from: the cervix The most probable area of study that would show the prevalence of mental illness in mid- Manhattan is that: epidemiology The meiotic division of cells leads to the production of cells that: contain half the usual number of chromosomes The full set of genes in an individual is known as: the human genome The boiling point of liquid nitrogen at one atmosphere pressure is 77 K. This temperature us equivalent to: neg196C 77K - 273K= 196C Substance Y is soluble only in nonpolar solvents and does not conduct electricity, either in the solid or liquid phases. Y is most probably a nonpolar substance Muscles are attached to bone by which of these structures? Tendon Coulomb's law is most closely associated with electric charges At room temperature, which of these substances exists as diatomic molecules? Oxygen Amnesia in humans is a loss of memory. Which of these parts of the brain has been affected when someone is suffering from amnesia caused by head trauma? Cerebral cortex A magician rapidly pulls a tablecloth from a table, leaving the dishes undisturbed. Which of these principles of physics explains this "trick"? Objects at rest tend to remain at rest. Which of these temperatures is known as Absolute Zero? 0 K Which of these substances contains a nonpolar covalent bond? O2 Which of these single instruments may be used to measure the current flowing through a circuit? An ammeter Which of these processes is responsible for the recorded production of CO2 by yeast cells from sugar solution? Anaerobic respiration Which of these particles can only be found in the nucleus of an atom? protons and neutrons Which of these pairs of units measures the same quantity ? Calorie and joule Which of these organisms use nitrogen directly from the air? Blue-green algae Which of these equations best illustrates a synthesis reaction? 2Na + Cl2 - 2NaCl The organ that filters metabolic waste from the blood is the kidney Periodontitis is an inflammatory condition of the gum tissue that surrounds the neck of each tooth Iodized salt is used to prevent a human condition known as goiter Heat energy is absorbed in which of these phase changes? Br2(l) - Br2(g) To sterilize a metal probe in the office, a dentist could use a steam sterilizer. If unavailable, the next most effective method to sterilize the instrument would be boiling it in water for 15 minutes In diagnostic testing, the electroencephalogram permits the physician to examine the impulses of the nerve cells within the brain If the medulla of the brain in a human was damaged, which of these conditions would most likely result? Difficulty in breathing If a red light passed through a dilute solution of chlorophyll solution, the spectrophotometer will detect what amount of transmittance of this light? 50-75% Human testes produce spermatozoa Guard cells which can be found in the leaves of plants are most closely associated with which of these processes? Evaporation of water from the plant A physician measures the pulse and blood pressure (BP) of all patients on a routine basis. Which of these measurements show normal BP values for a resting adult patient? 120/80 mm Hg A method for determining the blood alcohol content of a subject is to use a Breathalyzer Which of these structures produces sperm cells in human males? Testes Which of these instruments is used to measure the amount of heat exchanged in a system? Calorimeter Which of these germ layers rise to the skin? Ectoderm Which of these findings suggests a serious illness from a urinalysis? Presence of glucose and protein Which of these factors best summarizes Darwin's theory of the origin of species? Natural selection Which of these arrangements of atoms is found in all alcohols? C-OH Which biochemical family do starch and glycogen belong in? Carbohydrates When steel wool (mostly iron) burns, its mass increases. The best explanation of this observation is that the iron oxide formed has more mass than the iron alone What is the pH of a solution whose H+ ion concentration is 1 x 10-2 mole per liter? 2 What is the correct sequence in the life cycle of a moth? Egg, larva, pupa, adult The weight of an adult human in newtons (N) is closest to 500N 1kg = 9.8 N The scientific name of the wold is Canis lupus. The name indicates the wolf's genus and species The region of the brain most concerned with coordinating somatic motor function is the cerebellum The functional group present in all alcohols is the hydroxyl group Scientists have discovered that most vertebrates have cone cells in their eyes, which distinguish colors in daylight. The rods are most sensitive to light, but do not distinguish colors. If a mammal is nocturnal there are fewer cones and a greater concentration of rods to collect the minimal light for night vision. In order to observe the endoplasmic reticulum in a cell, a scientist would use an electron microscope If a person is fasting for 24 hours and ingests no carbohydrates, the liver will provide for the body's need by converting glycogen into glucose Ductless glands in the human body secrete hormones Cicero and Wozniak used young rats in their experiment instead of older rats because young rats are more sensitive to alcohol A recently discovered species has these characteristics: amniotic eggs, a four-chambered heart, and lightweight, honeycombed bones. Which of these ADDITIONAL characteristics is likely to be present? Feathers for flying Which part of the human central nervous system controls voluntary movements? Cerebrum Which of these hydrocarbons is a member of the benzene family? Toluene The process of nuclear cell division in the cell reproduction of plants differs from mammals. A major difference is that cell plates are synthesized Which of these quantities is a vector quantity? Energy A quantity that has both magnitude and direction is called a(n) vector According to the Ideal Gas Equation (PV=nRT), if the temperature and amount of gas are kept constant, what will be the effect of an increase in pressure on the volume of a gas? As the pressure increases, the volume decreases. Cicero and Wozniak probably decided to restrict their study to male offspring of alcoholic male rats because they wanted to compare results with prior findings from human studies In a study on the effect of cocaine on the brains of rats, two groups of animals were selected. Each day, Group A was injected with the drug dissolved in water, whereas Group B was injected with water alone. In such a study Group B is included as a control group In classical physics, light is viewed as part of the electromagnetic spectrum, traveling in the form of transverse waves. Quantum physics proposes that light is composed of quanta called photons Reducing the use of aeresol cans has contributed to the decrease of the destruction of the ozone layer The Watt is a unit of power The normal boiling temperature for water is 100° when measured on which of these scales? Celcius The second law of thermodynamics states that with every spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe Increases All of these groups of land plants produce seeds EXCEPT mosses When blood is filtered in the kidney and urine is produced, red blood cells and plasma proteins do not pass through the blood capillaries. This occurs because large molecules such as blood and plasma proteins do not fit through the permeable membrane, so they cannot enter the tubules in the kidney. The extension of a neuron that carries the impulse to another cell is called an axon Which of these structures of the male reproductive system carries sperm cells from the testes to the lower part of the abdomen? Vas deferens Which of these pH values represents the most basic solution? 14 0-6 = acidic 7= netural 8-14 = basic Which of these organ systems does NOT provide for the excretion of substances? lymphatic system Which of these is an example of a simple machine? All of the above - Lever - Pulley -inclined plane -wheel and axle -wedge -screw Which of these could be stopped by a sheet of paper? Alpha particle When three resistors of 10.0 ohms each are placed in series, the total resistance is 30.0 ohms 10x3 The succession of flora and fauna encountered while climbing a mountain in the northern hemisphere is similar to that found when traveling from the base of the same mountain in which these general directions? North. The energy associated with an object's position is termed potential energy Most internal gas exchanges in the human respiratory tracts occurs across the capillaries of which of these structures? Alveoli Enzymes that are involved in biochemical reactions are organic catalysts Anaerobic respiration occurs in muscle tissue when it cannot get sufficient oxygen to function aerobically. Which of these conditions is mostly likely to directly result from this? Cramps A lab technician has the choice of four different enzymes to use in an experiment that will run at 25C. The optimal temperatures of enzymes using the Kelvin scale are: Enzyme A: 273 K, Enzyme B: 298 K, Enzyme C: 310 K, Enzyme D: 325 K. Which enzyme would be best to use in this experiment? Enzyme B 273+25C = 298 K Which of these substances carries energy within cells and is produced as a result of cellular respiration? ATP Which of these processes is illustrated by the spreading out of ammonia vapor in a closed room? Diffusion Which of these is NOT an organic compound? HCl (hydrochloric acid) Which of these is an example of an emulsion? Mayonnaise Which of these factors is a variable in Cicero and Wozniak's research? Liquid diet of 6% alcohol. Which human body system does meiosis occur in? Reproductive When water passes from a region of greater concentration to a region of lesser concentration through a selectively permeable membrane, the process is known as osmosis When a drop of dilute nitric acid is added to water surrounding a hydra, the animal draws in its tentacles. The acid is acting as a stimulus The function of the myelin sheath that surrounds many neurons is to increase the rate of impulse transport Sodium will react most readily with chlorine In the reaction of iron with water shown below, what coefficient must be placed before the iron (Fe) to balance the reaction? Fe + 4H2O - Fe3O4 + 4H2 3 In corn plants, the gene that codes for the presence of chlorophyll is sometimes missing. The resulting seedlings are albino and will not survive. This lethal gene appears in corn populations because the parent plants that produced the seeds carried recessive gene for the albino trait. If blue light emits electrons from a photosensitive surface, then electrons must also be emitted by ultraviolet light As part of the human immune response, which of these cells are responsible for producing antibodies? Lymphocytes An example of the most complex level of organization in a frog is the respiratory system A gram stain is an important technique used in the laboratory that distinguishes between different kinds of bacterial cell walls The bending of a wave around an obstacle is known as diffraction A drop of dilute ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) is placed on one side of a slide containing a large number of swimming paramecium. Under this condition, which of these behaviors of the paramecia will be observed? They will eventually all swim away from the ammonium hydroxide Which of these units is associated with magnitude, but not direction? time The atomic number of flourine is 9. How many electrons are contained in the second principal energy level of a flourine atom in the ground state? 7 A material that settles out of a reaction is termed a(n) emulsion -egg yolk, butter, mayonaise When a column of air is vibrating at the same rate as a tuning fork, the process is referred to as resonance The number of complete waves which pass a point in one second is known as a Frequency