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NESTA PFT Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+
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NESTA PFT Top Exam Questions and answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+ What are the four steps in "Bridging the Gap" between current client health & fitness levels, & their future goals & needs? - -Assess - Design - Instruct - Re-assess What is the difference between implicit & explicit goals? -...

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  • February 17, 2023
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NESTA PFT Top Exam Questions and
answers, 100% Accurate, rated A+

What are the four steps in "Bridging the Gap" between current client health & fitness levels, & their
future goals & needs? - ✔✔-Assess - Design - Instruct - Re-assess



What is the difference between implicit & explicit goals? - ✔✔-Implicit - implied, but not necessarily
mentioned.



Explicit - goals that are mentioned by your client.



What is the kinetic chain? What is its function? - ✔✔-3 separate systems which work together to create
human movement. (nerous system, muscular system, skeletal system)



What is the difference between smooth, cardiac & skeletal muscle? - ✔✔-Smooth - muscles that are
capable of involuntary actions/no striations. (digestive tract, bladder, uterus, blood vessel walls)



Cardiac - muscles that are capable of involuntary actions/some striations. (heart only)



Skeletal - muscles that are capable of voluntary contraction. (all muscles controlling movement)



What are the 3 layers of fascia? What is their significance? - ✔✔-Epimysium - outer layer/surrounds
muscle completely.



Perimysium - next layer/groups muscle fibers in bundles.



Endomysium - innermost layer/surrounds individual muscle fibers.



What is the structure of the motor unit? - ✔✔-A motor neuron & all of the fibers it activates.

,What is the sliding filament theory? - ✔✔-The Sacromere is composed of thin & thick filaments, these
elements slide over each other resulting in the shortening of all the sacromeres together causing the
muscle to contract.



Know the difference between eccentric, isometric & concentric muscle actions. Which is the strongest?
Which is the weakest? - ✔✔-Eccentric - as the muscles attempt to control the downward phase or
decelerate load. (the strongest)



Concentric - as the muscles attempt the contraction or lifting phase of a load. (weakest)



Isometric - static/the muscle fires, but there is no change in the length of the muscle & no movement in
the joints.



What is the difference between hypertrophy, hyperplasia & atrophy? - ✔✔-Hypertrophy - increase in
the size of the muscle/the myofibrils inside the muscle fibers.



Hyperplasia - increase in the number of muscle cells in the body w/a corresponding increase in muscular
size. (extremely rare)



Atrophy - the wasting or loss of muscle tissue resulting from disease or lack of use.



What are the 3 different skeletal muscle types? Be able to identify which type is dominate in an exercise.
- ✔✔-Type I - Aerobic Fibers

Fatigue resistant - tend toward stabilizing functions rather than prime movers - endurance related
(longer than 3 mins)



Type IIA -

Tend to help in activities lasting between 30 sec & 2 mins using a moderate level of strength & aerobic
activity.



Type IIB/IIX - Anaerobic fibers

,Larger in diameter & suited for brief powerful contractions. Prime movers of joints - tend to excel in
maximal lifts, sprinting or jumping.



What are the various roles of muscle? Be able to identify various roles during movement. - ✔✔-Prime
Mover/Agonist - a muscle that acts directly to bring about a desired movement through concentric
muscle action.



Assistant Mover/Synergist - a muscle that assists indirectly to bring about a desired movement.



Antagonist - a muscle responsible for opposing the concentric muscle action of the agonist.



Stabilizer - a muscle responsible for stabilizing an adjacent segment.



Neutralizer - a muscle responsible for eliminating or canceling out an undesired movement.



What are the various types of strength? Be able to identify exercises which emphasize a particular type
of strength. - ✔✔-Absolute Strength - the maximum amount of force an individual can produce in a one
repetition maximum lift, irrespective of bodyweight & time of force development. (shot putters or
lineman)



Relative Strength - the maximum force that muscles can generate in relation to one's bodyweight.
(gymnast)



Strength Endurance/Muscular Endurance - the ability to sustain muscular contractions for a long
duration of time. (cycling or rowing)



What factors contribute to muscle soreness? - ✔✔-Post Exercise Muscle Soreness/PEMS - normal & not
necessarily harmful. 24 - 48 hrs



Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness/DOMS - should be avoided. Lasts more than 1-2 days.

, The goal is to gain muscular, joint & nervous system benefits, not tissue microtrauma & soreness. It is
normal for a muscle & connective tissue to tear & rebuild. It is not normal to create excessive trauma to
muscle fibers & connective tissue by creating pain that lasts more than 1-2 days.



What are the basic structure & functions of joints? - ✔✔-Joint - an articulation between two bones
which is used to connect one component of a structure with one or more other components.



What are the different types of diarthrodial joints? Be able to give examples of each. - ✔✔-Saddle - two
saddle shaped surfaces allowing two degrees of freedom. (ex. carpo - metacarpal joint of the thumb)



Condyloid - biaxial, one plane of movement that dominates two planes of motion. (ex. tibiofemoral
joint, interphalangeal joint)



Hinge - one degree of motion. (ex. humeroulnar)



Plane "gliding" - flat surface that allows translation between two bones. (ex. acromioclavicular joint)



Pivot - one degree of freedom. (ex. antlantoaxial joint)



Multiaxial - "Ball & Socket" - three degrees of freedom, freely movable, allowing motion in all three
planes of human movement. (ex. hip joint)



What is the Epiphyseal Plate? What is Epiphyseal Plate slippage? - ✔✔-Growth plate - disk of
cartilaginous cells separating diaphysis & epiphysis - site of longitudinal growth.



Slippage is more likely to occur in pre-pubescent chidlren... may inhibit the grown of bone at a joint, but
will not necessarily affect growth of the entire body.



What is ATP? - ✔✔-Adenosine Triphosphate - the immediate source of energy for muscle
contractions/the muscles primary energy source.

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