Class notes

Week 4: Process

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Course
Sust1400 (SUST1400)

Institution
Dalhousie University (Dal )

Notes on lectures from week 4: process cluster Andrew Bergel and Will Langford, What is Displacement?, Andrew Bergel, Carbon and Ecological Footprints, Steven Mannell, Economic Displacement and Environmental Justice, Will Langford, Wilderness, Andrew Bergel, Colonization and the Rise of M...

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Uploaded on February 25, 2023
Number of pages 8
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Will langford, andrew bergel, steven mannell.
Contains All classes of week 4: andrew bergel and will langford, what is displacement?, andrew bergel, carbon and ecological footprints, steven mannell, economic displacement and environmental justice, will la

displacement
sustainability
process cluster notes
andrew bergel
will langford
colonization and mercantilism
carbon and ecological footprint
economic and environmental displacement

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Process

4.1 What is displacement?

How people, things, and consequences get moved from one location to another. Motion of
moving and changing and transforming from place to place.
1. Spatial displacement (physical). Export of waste, for example, is moving consequences.
2. Temporary displacement: Pollution of buying sth e.g. a TV if it is imported - Canadians
don't have to worry about it, ppl who make it have to worry about it.
Someone will invent sth in the future that will save us or solve the problem - this is the
mindset.
3. Economic displacement: debt. Ability to pay for something is in the future. Financial
mechanisms. Decision making is displaced to the market.
Environment conversations became about cost or crisis not pollution or such.
Environmental, social justice - whether it's being shifted to another part of the world or to the
future, it looks at the inequality in the world.

Ecological and Carbon footprint

Carbon footprint: how much CO2 emission is smth (e.g. a person, country, world, vehicle) giving
to the air. What are we creating while using things e.g. electricity or transportation.

E.g. electric cars -lower emissions. But they are also subject to other high emission processes
eg. high emission during manufacture, toxic substances in tires, brakes and combustion engine
(for all cars), you have to charge the car so if you obtain electricity from coal/fuels then it is not
efficient at all. Shipping the cars to places that don’t produce them. So the carbon footprint is
being displaced to another place. If everyone in Nova Scotia were to switch to electric cars, then
we may lose up to 9% of our emissions. Canada has higher carbon emission per capita than the
USA. Mining and oiling/gas extraction (from resource states) in Canada gets shipped to the
USA where it is actually consumed. Consumption is not as co2 intensive as producing it.
Tv e.g. is manufactured somewhere in south asia but the co2 emission doesn’t show up in
canada (where it is used) but it shows where it is produced (south asia/east asia).

Eco footprint: emission but through different processes. So it is not just driving a car but also
how much carbon goes behind producing food (e.g. steak vs eggplant), what is my
consumption,

What can ecological footprint tell us?
Consumption of every person and capacity of the earth to meet those needs.
2006: global consumption needs 1.4 times the earth to meet demand (40% more)
2012: 1.64 times the earth (64% more than the planet can sustain)

, If everyone lived like a Canadian - we’d need 5.1 times the earth’s capacity. We don't feel that
we are consuming that much because it is displaced to another part of the world. Fundamental
disagreement between developing world and developed world.

Economic Displacement and Environmental Justice

-In early 2000s, the European Union had a market set up that would set the price according to
Carbon emissions - incentivise people to reduce carbon emissions. The market was actually
encouraging carbon emission because a permit to emit carbon cost $10/tonne and that of not
emitting carbon cost $50. So it was valuable and rational to buy a carbon emission permit.
Social cost of carbon emission - ~40 bucks (2018).

-Student loan: debt is very high. This is temporal displacement. Now instead of student grants,
student loans are common. The future of our generation is based on that debt.

-we’re gonna have to deal with the carbon stuff in 20 years. But in 20 years people who have
not contributed to this problem will have to deal with it.

-climate change in media: 1. There’s no real climate problem, it's just weather - denial 2. Deny
we are the cause. It;s not humans, it's the farting cows, 3. Deny that it really is a problem. 4.
Deny that we can do anything to solve this problem 5. Maybe we could have done sth but it's
too late now 6. Anytime we see effects of climate change - you're playing politics with climate if
anyone speaks about it.
Despair: polar bear on melting ice cap

-always bad news about weather is depressing. But also stressed out and depressed in
personal life.
Grief cycle: denial to anger to bargain to depression to acceptance
But acceptance isn’t good in sustainability arguments. things are upsetting and that's normal.

-psychological study - pre traumatic stress from climate change. We don't know what to do.
First, acknowledge this problem is real. Second, we also recognize we individually aren’t
powerless. Next, we can’t shut up. Long term strategies. Belief in your own resilience. Actively
look for optimism, because the media will not. Important to have an active connection to the
world. Cultivate community feeling - sense of not being alone.

-happy life vs ecological footprint
Better countries have higher happiness and less eco footprint

-Natural Step framework:
● Reduce wasteful dependence upon fossil fuels, underground metals and minerals
● Reduce wasteful dependence upon chemicals and unnatural substances
● Reduce encroachment upon nature

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