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WGU American Politics and the US Constitution C963/ Social Studies Boards, Complete masterpiece, all you need to pass Exams.
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WGU American Politics and the US Constitution C963/ Social Studies Boards, Complete masterpiece, all you need to pass Exams. Thomas Hobbes - -English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by th...

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  • February 25, 2023
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WGU American Politics and the US
Constitution C963/ Social Studies
Boards, Complete masterpiece, all you
need to pass Exams.


Thomas Hobbes - ✔✔-English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty
as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings
(1588-1679)




one of the 1sts to contribute to the idea of a social contract- he claimed society is not something natural
and immutable, but rather it is something created by us....




Instead of being passive members of society, we are its creator, and the society we create has the
purpose of serving our needs. Therefore, *we are in control of society, rather than its being in control of
us.*




Thomas Hobbes was an English philosopher, considered to be one of the founders of modern political
philosophy. Hobbes is best known for his 1651 book Leviathan, in which he expounds an influential
formulation of *social contract theory*.




State of Nature - ✔✔-theory, idea. A time period in history before any government, rulers, and kings.
During this time period, people lived in "nature" and had NATURAL RIGHTS.

,natural rights - ✔✔-in nature, people had freedom of speech/press/vote, freedom of religion, freedom
of assembly, freedom to protect themselves (with weapons), property rights, ect. John Locke- life,
liberty and property **Natural Rights define out INDIVIDUAL IDENITY= Human nature. **Locke: yet it is
hard and inconvenient to Live in Nature




John Locke - ✔✔-17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who
asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property.




English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are
derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said
people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.




Social Contract Theory - ✔✔-The belief that people are free and equal by natural right, and that this in
turn requires that all people give their consent to be governed; espoused by John Locke and influential
in the writing of the declaration of independence.




social = society is created by the people. People come out of nature to create a society or nation.




Contract= people create/vote for the laws, Governments, & Leaders...




...*an agreement between people and government where citizens consent to the government as long as
the government protects their natural rights.*




Sovereignty - ✔✔-The Power & Authority to Rule or Govern.

,We believe that Government's power comes from the consent, power and rights of the people. (Popular
Sovernty)




Consensual political rule - ✔✔-Majority Rule. People Vote (political equality) & whoever gets the most
votes wins in our elections & laws




what were the the primary goals of the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-to create a confederation of
states whereby each state retained "its sovereignty, freedom, and independence, and every power,
jurisdiction, and right...not...expressly delegated to the United States in Congress assembled."




-to secure the blessings of liberty. no basic rights will ever be taken away.




-to promote the general welfare. maintain order, regulate commerce, grant patents, protect individual
liberties.




-to provide for the common defense. ...




-to insure domestic tranquility. ...




-to establish justice. ...




-to form a more perfect union.




What was the structure of government under the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-1 house (I chamber)
in a legislative branch.

, NO president,

NO courts (no judiciary or executive branches)

ONLY the legislative branch to pass laws....(Supposed to take care of Indian affairs, foreign relations,
letting new states be formed, settle disputes, have a post office, deal with other countries, declare war)




What were some weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? - ✔✔-This congress in the legislative
branch *could pass laws, but could not enforce them.* It was up to the states to enforce laws...




because it could not enforce it's own laws; it could not tax the people, could not set up an army. There
was no president, or courts. Kept falling deeper into debt.




Too much power for the STATE government with a WEAK national, Confederation Government.




We were basically acting like the Divided States of America...Every state government acted like it was it's
own country. Every state printed it's own $$.. Every state was making it's own treaties with other
countries (Supposed to be the confederate government's job...,but again, they could not enforce their
own laws, and the states often opted not to follow their laws)




...after 5 years, it was a complete mess....led to the constitutional convention in Philadelphia in 1787.




Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia in 1787 - ✔✔-they ended up deciding they couldn't fix the
confederation government; and they needed to write a new government. (only 12 states came to this
meeting...not 13. Rhode island did not come) Meeting took 100 Days!

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