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IB Biology Topic 1 Notes
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Detailed Notes for Topic 1 of IB biology with diagrams and clear explanations of what you need to know for the exams.
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BiologTopic
1
, Cell theory -
i. i
essential idea the evolution
of multicellular organisms allowed specification and cell replacemen
-
-
cell
-
550 MXBP multicellular life appeared
'
evolved unicellular that
from organisms started working together
- '
when the cell number and started to need
size
grew organisms exchange systems
-
this drove the
process of cell differentiation
evolutionary
-
-
this created specialized cells
specialized cells to tissues
grouped together form
-
History of cell
discovery
'
1665 cell tissue under the microscope, Hooke used the word '
observing plant in Cork cell to reset
-
a
,
to the smallest unit of life
(invented 1838) led
cell
theory in to the widely accepted explanation ofthe relationship between cells
-
,
and living things
Me
development theory possible
-
of cell was thanks to the advances in
microscopy
Rules of the cell theory → backed up by lots of evidence
living organisms composed of cells
-
a re
cells are the smallest units
of life
-
cells from pre-existing cells
-
come
Questioning the cell
theory
-
atypical cells
striated muscle cells composed of repeated units called
-
-
sarcomas
-
striped ( striated ) pattern
-
has more than one nucleus percell
-
the cell is multinucleated
30mm long ( longer than
average)
-
, giant algae (acetabularia) single celled green algae of gigantic Crossing )
-
size from 0.5
a
genus of to 10cm
-
acetabular ia consists of three distinguishable parts rhizoid ( small roots )
-
-
they a re not simple in structure small in size the stalk
-
or
-
-
top umbrella with
aseptate Sungai hyphae hyphae with many nuclei branches that
-
can
sens
-
no
dividing cell wall ( Septa ) into a
cap
-
have nuclei
many large
-
,
and possess a Contini 0ns
Shared
cytoplasm
cheek cells under a microscope
shading colouring etc
@←ⁿ°
.
,
, stem cells
emergent properties
reductionism
-
every biological phenomenon could be explained in terms
of molecular biology and
ultimately physics
holism
the
study of biological systems
-
cellular constituents interconnected
and
organismal their structure
dynamics
so that and
-
a re must
,
be examined in intact cells and rather isolated
organisms than as parts
Alex
Benjamin Noriko 55
Differentiation
why cells
diff to each other
?
-
a re
switched function /purpose
genes are and
off depending on the of each cell type
-
on
-
unspecialized -
can become
any
cell
type
specialized do a specific job
-
-
some
-
genes on
,
some
genes off
divide
can
by mitosis
-
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