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ANTH 1120 Winter Term Questions and Answers Latest,100% CORRECT

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ANTH 1120 Winter Term Questions and Answers Latest

Winter term
ANTH 1120: MAKING SENSE OF A CHANGING WORLD: ANTHROPOLOGY TODAY (Winter Term 2018)
JANUARY 8(A)/10(B), 2018

Lecture 1 Outline: What is Medical Anthropology?
Today’s Topic: What Is Medical Anthropology?
-How does medical anthropology fit into Anthropology as a discipline?
-What key concepts do medical anthropologists utilize in the research?
-What do medical anthropologists do? What kinds of things do medical anthropologists study?

Health Culture Disease Illness/Sicknes Medicine Health Well-Being Healer
s Care
~Preventio ~Identity ~Spreading ~Social, ~Substances, ~Biomedica ~Cannot be ~Doctor,
n ~Learnings, / economic, Medications l model clearly nurse
~Social Knowledge, Contagious political ~Interventions ~Hospitals, defined ~Spiritua
Physical & Transmissio ~Genetic implications of , surgery institutions ~Agency, l healers
Mental n through ~Fear disease ~Accessibility ~Universal self sustain
~Optimal generations ~Categories right ~Holistic,
State of beyond
Being physiologica
l

1) Definition of
Health Health
• Absence of disease
• Lifestyle
• Longevity
• Balance
• Physical, mental, emotional, spiritual state of being
• Health care access (healing)
• Socially and culturally shaped

-Holistic approach- World Health Organization (WHO)
-Health is a state of complete physical, social and mental wellbeing and not merely the absence of
disease. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of health is one of the fundamental human
rights of every human being without distinction of race, religion, political beliefs, economic or social
condition (WHO, 1946).

Structure forces do not do justice to this definition
Paul Farmer said its not bad to be utopian in this definition

2) Medical Anthropology
Considered a fifth discipline of anthropology
Many people realize that medical anthropology can be theoretical and applied

,When we say applied (take findings and apply it to another practice) or (making sure the research to
transform something that can help the people you are working with
Convert the knowledge into something that is useful for others

-A branch of
Anthropology Very broad
subject
-Broad field of study, many areas of concentration
-Holistic in scope; looks beyond biology to understand health
Critical and cultural relativism (including all cultures)
They use participant observation (talking to the people)
They then construct an ethnography to share with others

Medical anthropology: central Tenets
• Looks beyond biology to understand health
• Looks at patterns and relationships between individuals, households, ethnic groups, political and
social institutions, pathogens, lived environments and resulting health outcomes (at the
individual and population level)
• Holistic in scope (only looks at one line of evidence)
• Involves ethnographic fieldwork and on-on-one interactions (e.g. participant
observation, participatory action research)
• ‘Uses an ‘applied’ orientation to human (health) problems
• Tries to capture insider’s point of view (emic perspective) versus the outsider’s point of view
(etic perspective

3) Key Concepts
Culture –beliefs, values, and practices learned thought and behaviour and passed from one generation
to the next
We look at how culture shapes our wellbeing
If we want to go the the doctor
The typr of remidies they have to take
Effects the way people engage with their health

Cultural Relativism – all cultures are valid antidote to ethnocentrism-judging another culture by the
values and standards of one’s own culture
Always interested in the healing of preliterate cuktures
Why do they believe what they believe
We try to understand this

Cross-Cultural Approach – survey and comparison of different cultures worldwide
Studying stigma (mental health) how are they treated differently around the world maybe divine or
needing institutionalization

, Emic Perspective (“insider,” “inductive,” or “bottom-up” perspective)
-Takes as its starting point the perspectives, words and experiences of the research participants (study
population)
Taking the perspective of the research participants

Etic Perspective (“outsider,” “deductive,” or “top-down”)
- Takes as its starting point the theories, hypothesis, perspectives, and concepts from outside of the
setting being studied
Bringing theories and using them to understand how others frame the world

Biocultural Perspective- Studies the interaction between biology and culture.
Why are some people at risk?
Looking at the synergy between culture and biology

4) What do Medical Anthropologists Study?
Three case studies in Singer & Baer textbook (Chapter 1):
-Coping with Cystic Fibrosis (Myra Bluebond-Langner (1996)
-Dengue (Kendall 1998; Crabtree & colleagues 2001)
-Pesticide Poisoning (Arcury, Quandt and colleagues) (2005)

5) Relationship of Medical Anthropology to Other Disciplines
-Medical Anthropology and Paleopathology, Epidemiology, Health and Illness Behaviour and Public
Health

Relationship of medical anthropology to the larger discipline of anthropology
• Medical Anthropology and Paleopathology
o Reconstructing the health of past populations through the study of human remains
o Insights into metabolic and nutritional disorders, traumatic injuries, infectious diseases
o King tut had many health conditions that could be why he died so the original
reason (slashed head) was not why it could’ve been
• Medical Anthropology and Epidemiology
o Cultural epidemiology
o Health transitions (1st, 2nd, and 3rd epidemiological transitions)
▪
1ST
▪ 2nd moving into the city during the industrial revolution (rise of more disease)
▪ 3rd emergence of new diseases (SARS ect)
o Makaya Sault: Refuses Chemotherapy
▪ Choses to stop chemo but the doctors called child services to make her do it
• Medical Anthropology and public Health (health disparities and inequities)
o Significant differences in health profiles (distribution of disease) across human
• Cultural competence

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