ATI Anatomy & Physiology Test 2023 (solved)

What antibody type mediates the body's response to an allergen? - Answer- IgE What is associated with wound healing by primary intention? - Answer- Minimum scar tissue What wax-like substance is secreted by glands in the external ear canal? - Answer- Cerumen What is responsible for regulation of body temperature? - Answer- Hypothalamus Production of what, is the function of the prostate gland? - Answer- Substance to enhance sperm motility What bone is a component of the appendicular skeleton? - Answer- Symphis pubis (shoulder girdle, upper extremeties, pelvis & lower extremities) What tissue connects bones to joints? - Answer- Ligaments What tissue connects muscle to bone? - Answer- Tendons What cardiac valve prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle of the heart? - Answer- Aortic Valve What's the role of platelets in homeostasis? - Answer- Formation of plugs What is the function of surfactant in the alveoli of the lungs? - Answer- Prevention of alveoli collapse What describes the event of ovulation? - Answer- Graafian follicle releases an ovum What is involved in the destruction of ingested pathogens? - Answer- Stomach acid When blood leaves the left ventricle, what does it enter next? - Answer- Aorta The release of histamine is associated with what? - Answer- Mast Cells, which triggers inflammatory response What is the measurement of percentage of red blood cells in whole blood? - Answer- Hematrocrit What is a structure of the inner ear? - Answer- Cochlea What's the function of Angiotensin II in the regulation of blood pressure? - Answer- Vasoconstriction, when BP falls too low, Angiotensin II causes "vasoconstriction" which causes an increase in BP In wound healing, what plays a role in cleaning a wound of cellular debris? - Answer- Neutrophils, involves phagocytosis What blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart? - Answer- Superior & Inferior Vena Cavae In a normal functioning cardiovascular system, where does the heart beat originate? - Answer- Sinoatrial Node (SA), "pace maker" After passing through glottis, inspired air travels to where next? - Answer- Larynx What structure at the end of the ear canal vibrates when sound waves strike it? - Answer- Tympanic Membrane What is located between the descending colon and rectum? - Answer- Sigmoid Colon What is the iron-containing component of a red blood cell? - Answer- Hemoglobin Calcium concentration in the blood is controlled by what gland? - Answer- Parathyroid What type of tissue is under voluntary control? - Answer- Skeletal What hormone regulates urine output? - Answer- Anti-duretic from posterior pituitary to increase reabsorption of water & sodium from kidney's What is the function of the gallbladder? - Answer- Storage until released to aid in digestion What is the function of the ureters? - Answer- Urine from Kidney to Bladder Which part of the brain regulates hear rate, respiratory rate and BP? - Answer- Medulla Oblongota What hormone is secreted by posterior pituitary gland? - Answer- Antidiuretic Hormone What is associated with wound healing by PRIMARY intention? - Answer- Minimal Scar Tissue In wound healing, what plays a role in cleaning a wound of cellular debris? - Answer- Neutrophils, involves phagocytosis What is the result of sympathetic nervous system? - Answer- Increased cardiac output What occurs as a result of the release of anti-diuretic hormone? - Answer- Fluid volume in the body increases What pituitary hormone stimulates the process of gametogenesis? - Answer- Follicle stimulating hormone Average length of female urethra? - Answer- 1-1.5 inches Correct Order of meningeal layers of brain from inside to outside? - Answer- Pia Mater(brain covering), Arachnoid (middle), Dura Mater (lines skull) What hormone or enzyme is involved in fluid balance and produced by kidneys? - Answer- Renin, which plays a role in fluid volume regulation and BP What part of nephron is closest to the collecting duct? - Answer- Distal Convoluted Tubule Blood pH is measured by gain/loss of what? - Answer- Hydrogen Ions Where are nutrients absorbed when transported into bloodstream? - Answer- Small Intestines, 3 functions, peristalsis, digestion, absorption. Small intestines transports nutrients to the liver or target cells where they are metabolized. What function is associated with dermal layer skin? - Answer- Collagen An occurrence of too high concentration of what electrolytes is associated with cardiac arrhythmia? - Answer- Potassium What may indicate hyper-secretion of thyroid hormones? - Answer- Weight Loss What cells are responsible for destruction of old cells and invasive organisms? - Answer- Macrophages through phagocytosis What part of central nervous system is responsible for control of involuntary respirations? - Answer- Medulla Oblongata What structure prevents food from being aspirated into the lungs? - Answer- Epiglottis Straightening the elbow by lowering teh hand affects what muscle? - Answer- Triceps brachii, contracts What valve prevents back flow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium? - Answer- Tricuspid What structure comes after the ascending colon? - Answer- Transverse Colon What is the result of Meiosis? - Answer- Sperm/Ova produced Breastfeeding provides what immunity? - Answer- Natural Passive What ions is most abundant in extracellular fluid? - Answer- Sodium What occurs at the beginning of systole? - Answer- Ventricles contract Blood cells are produced where? - Answer- Red bone Marrow What structure is gastrointestinal system absorbs iron and bile salts? - Answer- Illeum What is a function of the liver? - Answer- Lipid metabolism Blood type that can only receive blood of same type? - Answer- Type O What hormone is produced by thyroid gland and is active in calcium metabolism? - Answer- Calcitonin What mediates body's response to stress? - Answer- Cortisol A normal adult bladder has capacity to hold how many mL before involuntary micturition occurs? - Answer- 600 mL Testosterone is regulated in what gland? - Answer- Pituitary Gland Whats the effect of Aldosterone secretion on electrolyte levels? - Answer- Sodium levels INCREASE, Aldosterone is secreted when a drop in extracellular sodium occurs. The hormone effect on the kidneys causes to retain sodium and return to blood What does the respiratory system eliminate when there is excess hydrogen ions in the body? - Answer- Carbon Dioxide What structure of the respiratory system is the site of gas exchange? - Answer- Alveoli What electrolyte is essential for clotting blood? - Answer- Calcium What structure filters foreign particles from lymphatic fluid? - Answer- Lymph Nodes Where is the site of sperm maturation in the male reproductive system? - Answer- Epididymis Bile aids in digestion of what? - Answer- Fat, bile breaks down fats in normally functioning gastrointestinal system Peripheral vasodilation results in heat loss through what process? - Answer- Radiation, which is transfer of heat from the surface of