100% satisfaction guarantee Immediately available after payment Both online and in PDF No strings attached
logo-home
Previously searched by you
Previously searched by you
logo
BTEC Applied Science Unit 14D CA$9.16   Add to cart
Quickly navigate to
Preview
  2.  
  3. PEARSON (PEARSON)
  4.  
  5. Applied Science 2016 NQF
  6.  
  7. Unit 14 - Applications of Organic Chemistry

Essay

BTEC Applied Science Unit 14D

4 reviews
  • Course
  • Unit 14 - Applications of Organic Chemistry
  • Institution
  • PEARSON (PEARSON)

D.P5 D.M5 D. D4 Criteria's met. Achieved Distinction first time. This assignment covers all areas and criterias to gain a Distinction in this Assignment and the whole unit 14. Cheapest price right Now!!!.

Preview 6 out of 14  pages

Document information

  • March 18, 2023
  • 14
  • 2021/2022
  • Essay
  • Unknown
  • A+

Subjects

  • dp5 dm5 d d4 criteria met achieved distinction first time

Written for

  • BTEC
  • PEARSON (PEARSON)
  • Applied Science 2016 NQF
  • Unit 14 - Applications of Organic Chemistry
All documents for this subject (190)

4  reviews

review-writer-avatar

By: sunsetxz • 3 months ago

review-writer-avatar

By: amanali6 • 2 months ago

wasn't the same as the one I was required to do

review-writer-avatar

By: Pxlmzy • 1 year ago

reply-writer-avatar

By: Abdoulie1750 • 1 year ago

Reply deleted by the user

reply-writer-avatar

By: Abdoulie1750 • 1 year ago

allow it

reply-writer-avatar

By: Abdoulie1750 • 1 year ago

Reply deleted by the user

review-writer-avatar

By: mailmaryam04 • 1 year ago

reply-writer-avatar

By: Abdoulie1750 • 1 year ago

could u buy my BTEC science unit 23 package deal. it has very good high level content on forensic science. the bundle contains 23A,23B, and 23C

Seller

avatar-seller
Abdoulie1750

Reviews received

Content preview

Pearson BTEC Level 3 National Extended Diploma In Applied Science
Unit 14 assignment D
Applications of organic chemistry




Halogenoalkanes from alcohol

NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION;
It shows how ethanol reacts with PBr3 to form bromoethane




Where it demonstrates how the oxygen from ethanol attacks the potassium from pbr3
where potassium breaks one of its bonds with bromine in which the lone pair of
electrons from oxygen are transferred to potassium to bromine. bromine attacks the
central carbon in ethanol causing it to break its bond with OH therefore the bromine
forming a bond with carbon to form bromoethane and the OH forming a bond with
potassium from potassium bromide to also form phosphorus dibromide acid

Reaction mechanism

,Conditions
Concentrated sulfuric acid
Potassium bromide
Heat under reflux
Distillation

Apparatus
Reflux condenser
Round bottomed flask
Graduated cylinder
Large beaker
Stirring rod




Importance of
conditions used
It shows how distillation
was an important use in the bromoethane production as it enables the high quality of
removal of all impurities mixed with the bromoethane therefore increasing the purity of
the bromoethane produced .

It implies how concentrated sulfuric acid is used in the bromoethane production as it
speeds up the ethanol oxidation reaction therefore increasing the amount ethanal

,produced due to the activation energy being lowered therefore reactant particles gaining
enough kinetic energy therefore more collisions taking place.

Reflux was also an important condition used as it allows the reaction to take without the
reactants of ethanol and pbr to be escape through the surroundings therefore increasing
the amount of bromoethane produced by using reflux

What would happen if conditions were not used
It implies how if conc sulfuric acid was not used in the reaction the amount of
bromoethane produced would decrease due to the reaction not speeding up therefore
the activation energy not being lowered therefore particles not gaining enough kinetic
energy

It shows if reflux was not used in the reaction the amount of bromoethane produced
could potentially decrease due to the high possibility of the reactants (ethanol, pbr)
escapibg to the surroundings therefore decreasing yield of bromoethane


Results
It demonstrates how we had 1 hour to complete the experiment in which involved reflux
the reactant solution in which we able to produce the haloalkane bromoethane
Risk assessment
Butanol - flammable - cause fire explosion - make sure no naked flames are present
Conc sulfuric acid - corrosive - skin and eye irritation
Potassium bromide - toxic - cause severe mouth and throat burns if inhaled and cause
gastrointestinal system problems - wear mask, keep fair distance away from chemical

Method
1) Using a graduated cylinder pour out 18.5mL of HBr to a round bottomed flask
2) using a stirring rod stir the mixture while adding 4.1 mL of sulfuric acid into the
mixture using a graduated cylinder in drops
3) use a boss and a clamp stand and clamp the round bottomed flask
4) add the proud bottomed flask into an ice bath beaker
5)While the flask is in the ice bath Add 11mL of ethanol into the round bottomed flask
using a graduated cylinder
6)Using a graduated cylinder add 3.3mL of conc sulfuric acid
7)Lower the round bottomed flask into the heating mantle
8)Place a reflux condenser on top of the flask
9) reflux the solution for 3 hours
10)Once reflux time is up turn off the heating mantle and cool the flask
11)Use distillation to isolate the bromoethane produced

Purifying bromoethane
1) transfer the impure bromoethane from the flask into the separation funnel

,2 add a bit of water into the funnel and shake it a few times
3) discard the water from the separation funnel
4) add sodium carbonate into the funnel and shake
5) pour off the sodium carbonate lower
6) add water to the bromoethane in the funnel and wash the alkane
7) add the layer of bromoethane into a test tube
8) add some calcium chloride into the test tube and let the solution stand
9) transfer the bromoethane to a distillation flask and distill it




Refluxing the reactants
(ethanol, potassium
bromide)




Bromoethane produced




Preparation of a
compound with a
carbonyl functional group

,Aldehyde from an alcohol:


Ethanol + oxidizing agent = ethanal + water

It demonstrates when ethanol is oxidized by sodium dichromate it produces the
aldehyde ethanal as it implies how sodium dichromate-oxidizing agent removes 2H from
ethanol to produce the aldehyde ethanal in which the 2H removed from ethanol bonds
with oxygen from sodium dichromate to also form a water product

Reaction mechanism




Conditions
Heat under reflux
oxidation agent - sodium dichromate
Dilute Sulfuric acid

, Apparatus
Bunsen burner
Graduated cylinder
Dropping pipette
Large beaker
Test tube
Delivery tube




Risk assessment
Ethanol - toxic - can cause respiratory problems if inhaled - wear mask, keep fair
distance away
Sodium dichromate - corrosive - cause eye and skin irritation and damage

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Abdoulie1750. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$9.16. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

63613 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling
CA$9.16  8x  sold
  • (4)
  Add to cart