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Anatomy of the Shoulders CA$7.23   Add to cart

Class notes

Anatomy of the Shoulders

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The summary of class notes + textbook for the human anatomy. In-depth description of the bones, muscles, fascias, and organs of the body with related clinical cases of the musculoskeletal system

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  • April 1, 2023
  • 9
  • 2022/2023
  • Class notes
  • Avinash bharadwaj
  • All classes
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Shoulder and Embryonic Limbs
Intro


Limbs
Limbs grow out of the body wall

Upper limbs: segments C5 to T1

Lower limbs: Segments L2 to S3

Lateral outgrowths

Rotate to gain final position

The foot is not the lower end of the
body




Embryonic position and rotation
The thumb and the big toe point towards the head end

Little finger and little toe point towards the tail end

If we consider the axis (centre line) of the limbs:

Limbs have preaxial (cranial) and postaxial (caudal) borders

Thumb and great toe are preaxial

Little finger and little tow are postaxial

Muscles Groups
Limbs muscles are also organised

Limbs retain embryonic orientation



Shoulder and Embryonic Limbs Intro 1

, Dorsal and ventral surfaces

Musle groups: Dorsal + ventral

Dorsal muslces: extensors and abductors

Ventral: flexsors and adductors


Limb Plan:
Common plan:

Anchoring to the trunk: Girdle

Proximal segment: Arm/thigh: one bone

Distal segment: Forearm/leg: two bones

Wrist/ankle region: small bones

Hand, foot

Upper limb:

Used to reach out, grasp and handle things

High mobility

Lower limbL Support and locomotion:

Less mobile, more stable


Synovial Joint
Two or more bones

Movable surfaces, articular surfaces

Covered by hyaline cartilage

Fibrous capsule: collar of sense fibrous tissue

Lined by synovial membrane

Capsule strengthened further by ligaments where necessary

Bursae: sacs of synovial membrane outside a joint

Reduce friction between joint and nearby structures.

May communicate with joint cavity




Shoulder and Embryonic Limbs Intro 2

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