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Band 7 SL Chemistry Notes from a 44/45 Novemeber 2022 Graduate CA$89.83
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Band 7 SL Chemistry Notes from a 44/45 Novemeber 2022 Graduate
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  • Course
  • Chemistry
  • Institution
  • 12th Grade
  • Book
  • Pearson Baccalaureate Chemistry Higher Level 2nd Edition Print and Online Edition for the IB Diploma

These notes are flashcard-inspired and encourage a high degree of active recall to learn; they are in-depth and cover the entirety of the SL Chemistry course based on the HL Chemistry Textbook Linked. These notes will be of great use during the new edition of the IB Chemistry Course.

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  • April 5, 2023
  • 41
  • 2022/2023
  • Interview
  • Unknown
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Subjects

  • band 7
  • sl chemistry notes
  • topics 1 to 11
  • organic chemistry
  • stoichiometry
  • international baccalaurette

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Band 7 SL Chemistry Notes and Diagrams
Organised by Topic (from 1 to 11)



Contents

1) Stoichiometry....................................................................................................................................2
2) Atomic Structure................................................................................................................................3
3) Periodicity..........................................................................................................................................5
4) Chemical Bonding and Structure.......................................................................................................8
5) Energetics and Thermochemistry....................................................................................................14
6) Chemical Kinetics.............................................................................................................................17
7) Equilibrium......................................................................................................................................21
8) Acids and Bases...............................................................................................................................24
9) Redox Reactions...............................................................................................................................28
10) Organic Chemistry.........................................................................................................................33
11) Measurement and Data Processing...............................................................................................40

,1) Stoichiometry

Avogadro's constant

- Number of atoms in one mole of a substance

Formula for the number of atoms

- Number of atoms = number of moles x 6.02x10 23

How to calculate number of moles

- Moles = mass divided by molar mass

Formula for concentration

- concentration (mol/dm3) = number of moles/volume (dm3)

Calculating the limiting reagent

- calculate the number of moles of the reactants
- divide this by the coefficient
- the species with the lower number of moles is the LR

Gas equation

- PV = nRT
- P: pressure (1.01 x 105 Pa)
- V: volume (m3)
- T: temperature (Kelvin, +273)
- R: 8.3145J/K/mol
- n: moles

Formula for molar mass using the gas equation

- M = nRT/PV

Molecular mass definition

- average mass of a molecule/mass of 1/12 of one atom of 12C (carbon isotope)

Empirical vs molecular formulas

- Empirical: most simple ratio
- Molecular: actual whole number ratio between the elements of the compound

Sublimation

- Solid to gas

Deposition

- Gas to solid

When do real gases deviate from ideal behaviour? (2)

- high pressures and low temperatures

, Deviation from ideal behaviour (high pressure)

- space between particles is reduced and volume of real gas is higher than predicted from
ideal gas law
- attractive forces strengthen as particles approach more closely

Assumptions of ideal gas law (2)

- volume of gas particles is negligible
- no attractive forces between particles

Deviation from ideal behaviour (low temperatures)

- lower kinetic energy increases the strength of inter-particle forces

Why do gases deviate from the ideal gas law at high pressures

- molecules have finite volume

Homogenous reaction definition

- all species are in the same state

Heterogenous reaction definition

- the species are in different states

Do individual components retain their individual chemical properties in a mixture?

- Yes

Determining the end-point

- a good titration result is one which gives consistent results within 0.1cm 3 of each other

Back titration

- returning to the end-point after it has passed
- unreacted excess is determined by a titration against a standard solution

Finding volume using STP (dm3)

- STP times moles

STP formula

- moles = volume (dm3) divided by 22.7

2) Atomic Structure

How can properties on an element be predicted?

- The periodic table shows regular periodic trends in properties

Continuous spectrum vs line spectrum

- continuous: radiation spread over all wavelengths (white light passed through a prism)
- line: radiation absorbed at specific wavelengths

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