Class notes

Animal Body Science Lectures 1 and 1.1 Introduction to animal form and evolutionary aspects

5 views 0 purchase

Course
Biology 224 (ABS224)

Institution
University Of Saskatchewan (USask )

This document includes the first two lectures in Bio 224. I enjoyed this class, and I created really good notes for myself to study off of, and I want to share them with other u of s students. Includes the origin of animals, hallmarks of multicellularity, fertilization, and origins of adult tissue...

[Show more]

Preview 2 out of 7 pages

View example

Uploaded on April 12, 2023
Number of pages 7
Written in 2022/2023
Type Class notes
Professor(s) Dr. chedrese
Contains Lecture 1 and 1.1 evolutionary aspects of the kingdom animalia

animal
origina
evolution
sponges
tissue
anatomy
multicellularity
extracellular matric
tissue layers

CA$15.48

Also available in package deal from CA$63.59

Add to cart

Add to wishlist

100% satisfaction guarantee
Immediately available after payment
Both online and in PDF
No strings attached

Also available in package deal (1)

Midterm 1 - lectures

CA$ 68.57 CA$ 63.59 3 items

1. Class notes - Animal body science lectures 1 and 1.1 introduction to animal form and evolutionary a...
2. Class notes - Biology 224 - all nervous system lectures
3. Class notes - Animal body science/biology 224 photoreception lecture
Show more

Bio 224 – lecture 1 – Evolutionary Aspects of the Kingdom Animalia
What is an Animal?
• The word “animal” comes from the Latin word animalis meaning with soul, from ánima, soul
o Also meaning “having breath” the first use of the term is found in the Bible:
“And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils
the breath of life; and man became a living soul.”
The colloquial use of the word animal refers to non-human animals.
• But the biological definition refers to all members of the kingdom Animalia.
• Encompassing diverse creatures, such as sponges, jellyfish, insects, and humans
• Metazoan – all animals:
o Parazoa
§ Sponges
o Eumetazoa
§ Species with differentiated tissues
§ Clear definition of group of species
Origin of Animals
• The ancestors of animals were probably members of the Kingdom Protista.
o A group of unicellular and multicellular eukaryotes that may have
features of both animals & plants.
o First fossil evidence of animals is dated to the Precambrian era, 4.6
billion years ago.
• Include the euglena, a plant-like Protista found in fresh and salt waters that has
chloroplasts with the pigment chlorophyll.
o Unicellular protists with more animal-like characteristics are termed protozoa, a terminology
not frequently used in present days.
Choanoflagellates are the first evolutionary evidence of intercellular communication.
• A protozoan-like modern colonial flagellated species
o The closest living relatives of modern animals
o There are approximately 140 species.
o Some of which are single celled, while others form
colonies attached to a solid substrate by a common
stalk.
o they do not have chloroplasts and therefore are
heterotrophs.
§ have flagella.
§ for movement
§ an extension of cell membranes
sponges
• suborder Parazoa
o phylum porifera (Greek: pore bearer)
o sessile aquatic animals, closest relatives of the
choanoflagellates.
o Get food into system by filter feeding.
§ Phagocytosis
o Communicate by chemical signals.
o No digestive system compared to humans.
§ Dependent on intracellular digestion

, Tissue stability is achieved through cell junctions and the extracellular matrix.
• A crucial step in the transition to multicellularity are
the connections through cell junctions.
o Unique to animals.
• Tight junctions:
o Rows of transmembrane proteins that bind to
the corresponding membrane proteins of the
adjacent cell.
§ Separates the two sides of a sheet of
cells.
§ From impermeable barriers
• Gap junctions:
o Intracellular channels that directly
communicate the cytoplasm of two cells,
allowing passage of ions and small molecules.
• Anchoring junctions:
o Link the cytoskeleton with the extracellular
matrix.
§ Adheres junctions.
§ Hemidesmosomes
§ Desmosomes: protein that allows
recognition of other cells
• Joins cells through cadherins of the same tissue by homophilic binding attached
to intermediate filaments of the cytoskeleton.
• A common proteome of identical proteins allows cells to recognize and bind
each other.
The hallmarks of Multicellularity
• The first hallmark – the formation a space between cells known as
the interstitial space (IS)
o filled with the interstitial fluid (IF) that bathes and
surrounds the cell.
• the second hallmark – controlling of the internal media.
o maintaining a complex animal body requires the ability to
control the variables of the internal media,
§ including nutrients, pH, temp & concentration of
electrolytes

The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:

Guaranteed quality through customer reviews

Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.

Quick and easy check-out

You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.

Focus on what matters

Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!

Frequently asked questions

What do I get when I buy this document?

You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.

Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?

Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.

Who am I buying these notes from?

Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ellabogan. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.

Will I be stuck with a subscription?

No, you only buy these notes for CA$15.48. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.

Can Stuvia be trusted?

4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)

56326 documents were sold in the last 30 days

Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now

Start selling