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Unit 1: Biol 235 Chapter 5 | Questions With Solutions
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Unit 1: Biol 235 Chapter 5 | Questions With SolutionsWhich of the following has a higher osmolarity concentration compared to the
others listed?
A. 1 mole of W with a dissociation factor of 0.5
B. 1 mole of substance Z with a dissociation factor of 1.7
C. 3 moles of V with a dissocation factor of 0.2
D. 2 moles of substance Y with a dissociation factor of 0.8 Correct Ans - B
1 mol/L × 1.7 osmol/mol = 1.7 osmol/L of Z
Where is most of the water in the body located? Correct Ans - intracellular fluid
The tonicity of a solution depends only upon the __________. Correct Ans - concentration of nonpenetrating solutes
What will happen to the cells of a patient who is provided with an intravenous
solution that is isosmotic to intracellular fluids? Correct Ans - The question cannot be answered with certainty without knowing the identity of the solutes present in the IV solution.
If a swimmer cuts his foot on a seashell while wading in the ocean and bleeds into the seawater, his erythrocytes will shrink. What does this tell us about the
relative tonicities of the solutions? Correct Ans - The ocean is hypertonic to the erythrocytes.
What will occur if solution A containing 400 mosmol/L nonpenetrating solute is separated by a biological membrane from solution B containing 600 mosmol/L nonpenetrating solute? Correct Ans - The volume of B will increase. What is a nonpenetrating (NP) solute? Correct Ans - A solute that will not cross the cell membrane.
How can a solution be hyperosmotic but hypotonic? Correct Ans - If the concentration of nonpenetrating solutes is less in the solution than in a cell
Which type of membrane transport generally requires that the transported molecule dissolve in the lipid membrane? Correct Ans - simple diffusion
What force causes the bulk flow of fluids (gases and liquids)? Correct Ans - Pressure gradient
Which type of molecular movement requires energy from ATP? Correct Ans - active transport
The time required for molecules in a solution to move from A to B is proportional to the square of the distance from A to B. What property of diffusion does this principle explain? Correct Ans - Diffusion is rapid over short distances but slow over longer distances.
What must be TRUE for diffusion of a molecule to occur across a partition that separates two compartments? Correct Ans - The partition must be permeable to the molecule.
Which properties must a substance have in order to pass through a cell membrane by simple diffusion? Correct Ans - It must be small and/or lipophilic.
According to Fick's law of diffusion, diffusion rate is proportional to the surface area of the membrane, the concentration gradient, and which other variable? Correct Ans - The permeability of the membrane
Diagram:
Label the structure and functions of membrane proteins. Correct Ans - What is the most important distinction between the membrane transporters known as channel proteins and those known as carrier proteins? Correct
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